{"id":14972,"date":"2021-07-14T10:29:24","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T02:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/?p=14972"},"modified":"2026-09-25T08:28:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T00:28:35","slug":"%e9%a1%9e%e8%83%a1%e8%98%bf%e8%94%94%e7%b4%a0%ef%bc%9a%e8%91%89%e9%bb%83%e7%b4%a0_%e8%9d%a6%e9%9d%92%e7%b4%a0_%e8%8a%b1%e9%9d%92%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/%e9%a1%9e%e8%83%a1%e8%98%bf%e8%94%94%e7%b4%a0%ef%bc%9a%e8%91%89%e9%bb%83%e7%b4%a0_%e8%9d%a6%e9%9d%92%e7%b4%a0_%e8%8a%b1%e9%9d%92%e7%b4%a0","title":{"rendered":"What is astaxanthin? Its effects, food sources, and how to choose food."},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" data-page-node-id=\"i2K2QDeCaE17zT2g0Yqa5I\" data-dm-ref=\"9\">Astaxanthin is a name that has become increasingly common on health supplement shelves in recent years. It gives salmon its orange-red color, shrimp and crab their reddish hue after cooking, and flamingos their pinkish color\u2014these colors are not decorative, but traces of the same natural pigment. It belongs to the carotenoid family, but it differs from other members in one key way: it is not converted into vitamin A in the body, nor is it a water-soluble pigment.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"n9E23bzJJlCDnNd4UmW0j8\" data-dm-ref=\"10\">Based on official and academic sources, this article clarifies three things:<b data-page-node-id=\"V6zlp1FNaTveK6Te9XVFao\" data-dm-ref=\"11\">What exactly is astaxanthin?<\/b>\u3001<b data-page-node-id=\"uxHWkn4RuR3ksmLhXx2hUz\" data-dm-ref=\"12\">How should the sentence &quot;Its antioxidant power is 500 times that of Vitamin E&quot; be read?<\/b>as well as<b data-page-node-id=\"bZMeygmvd1j5oVu5nwjbDF\" data-dm-ref=\"13\">To what extent do existing studies support the two most concerning areas: skin hydration and screen-induced eye strain?<\/b>The article also summarizes natural food sources, recommended daily doses and safety limits, as well as three key points to consider when choosing products, and situations where it is necessary to consult a doctor first.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"tip\" data-page-node-id=\"A55EIF8X4cqR5d2v5A3xln\" data-dm-ref=\"14\"><strong data-page-node-id=\"DCK7IhPz3BsPryZXgiaWMO\" data-dm-ref=\"15\">Medical Boundary Reminder:<\/strong>This article is a compilation of nutrition and health knowledge.<b data-page-node-id=\"XXT07tacPNQmjLfi345aWD\" data-dm-ref=\"16\">This does not constitute diagnosis, treatment or prescription advice.<\/b>Astaxanthin supplements are considered a daily nutritional aid.<b data-page-node-id=\"UOuOz7xSto452FcNyNGEQD\" data-dm-ref=\"17\">It cannot replace a balanced diet, eye exams, corrective lenses, sun protection, or doctor&#039;s prescription treatment.<\/b>Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, children under 14 years of age, those taking anticoagulants or other prescription medications, those with bleeding disorders, or those about to undergo surgery should consult a doctor or pharmacist before use. If you experience sudden vision loss, blackouts or flashes of light, or red and painful eyes, please seek medical attention immediately.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"toc\" data-page-node-id=\"fpXgo5xFhCeTfEPxVDoXoJ\" data-dm-ref=\"18\"><strong data-page-node-id=\"CGOh6ISskSWHcdyFYdtThE\" data-dm-ref=\"19\">Table of contents<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"toc\" data-page-node-id=\"fpXgo5xFhCeTfEPxVDoXoJ\" data-dm-ref=\"18\"><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#what\" data-page-node-id=\"LP2SdTUAw4IfGXIqsWFF5V\" data-dm-ref=\"20\">I. What is astaxanthin? Let&#039;s first understand its identity.<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"hWIXV3EL6gmdo7twWoP9Kh\" data-dm-ref=\"21\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#myth\" data-page-node-id=\"UkvpALtawJBBFCOeky3XOb\" data-dm-ref=\"22\">2. How should we read &quot;Its antioxidant power is 500 times that of Vitamin E&quot;?<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"I1DEcuu5KWkwX3XM3CBkNa\" data-dm-ref=\"23\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#benefits\" data-page-node-id=\"xGZSm59FG8xLGw1ZULnI5N\" data-dm-ref=\"24\">III. The effects of astaxanthin: What research says<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"6NpNmx38e6Amd0xDBMcCHU\" data-dm-ref=\"25\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#food\" data-page-node-id=\"4DGTcvyFklDjijB2IbWwNb\" data-dm-ref=\"26\">IV. Natural Food Sources of Astaxanthin<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"ZNp1RPAp3iz6AHFyajB4f7\" data-dm-ref=\"27\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#dosage\" data-page-node-id=\"Php5aLNfDKu23QsorUhOGb\" data-dm-ref=\"28\">5. How much should I eat each day? When should I eat?<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"073rupW6RJnZRUAJnJc8n8\" data-dm-ref=\"29\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#safety\" data-page-node-id=\"y3bE2QDPzYYoRjosRJkT5U\" data-dm-ref=\"30\">VI. Upper limit of dosage and adverse reactions<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"ikpucoZZUYhT9AZAWxmG30\" data-dm-ref=\"31\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#caution\" data-page-node-id=\"qdbrG4qjD99VeTC3HEgwuC\" data-dm-ref=\"32\">VII. Safety Reminder: Who should consult a doctor first?<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"2Jv2ZRpgJnSmDsjCa8XxVI\" data-dm-ref=\"33\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#products\" data-page-node-id=\"zZ0kxqXYD6yslpGkr4hz92\" data-dm-ref=\"34\">8. How to choose astaxanthin health supplements?<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"18sK02bpzEb5YYjO0YrEKL\" data-dm-ref=\"35\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#faq\" data-page-node-id=\"ih2OCEoeyGANY1ApiFSeUP\" data-dm-ref=\"36\">IX. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/a><br data-page-node-id=\"yeWCeLdJ7MGLWyF5XqhVpk\" data-dm-ref=\"37\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:49957\/static-html\/4a84cd6df677a6f1\/#src\" data-page-node-id=\"4dhjlzNsQotXEmNlxF7j7z\" data-dm-ref=\"38\">10. Sources of Information<\/a><\/div>\r\n<h2 id=\"what\" data-page-node-id=\"EJCjI3mGJEoX6BOM46BGCg\" data-dm-ref=\"39\">I. What is astaxanthin? Let&#039;s first understand its identity.<\/h2>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"FqGzlFyofAkqkBgNXuGjsz\" data-dm-ref=\"40\">Astaxanthin is a<b data-page-node-id=\"KdAOhFdlqeQGlonH1FpO6D\" data-dm-ref=\"41\">Oxygenated carotenoids (also known as lutein)<\/b>Chemically, it belongs to the &quot;ketocarotenoid&quot; family, with the full name 3,3\u2032-dihydroxy-\u03b2,\u03b2-carotene-4,4\u2032-dione. It is mainly synthesized in nature by microalgae.<b data-page-node-id=\"vPx7kd1HcooUmUDmgJ3ILS\" data-dm-ref=\"42\">Haematococcus pluvialis<\/b>Under stressful conditions such as strong light and insufficient nutrition, astaxanthin accumulates in large quantities, turning the cells into red dormant cells for self-protection\u2014which is also the main source of raw materials for current supplements.<\/p>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"LMCkwtl7CzQjTN9b8SCOpO\" data-dm-ref=\"43\">Astaxanthin travels up the food chain: microalgae are consumed by krill, shrimp, and crabs, and then by salmon and trout, giving seafood its orange-red color. Humans previously obtained it primarily through seafood consumption, only recently developing it into concentrated supplements.<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"zz2nZDfYjoFOkylLckY0ik\" data-dm-ref=\"44\">(1) Three key points that are easily confused<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"Pl8wh2qmYwekzz3L9nJXc8\" data-dm-ref=\"45\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"CJT54f0OL0aJ9W2OzSNMr5\" data-dm-ref=\"46\"><b data-page-node-id=\"7hOVYSGanifwIPmdBxClTo\" data-dm-ref=\"47\">It is not vitamin A:<\/b>Among carotenoids, \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-carotene, and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin can be converted into vitamin A in the body (called &quot;provitamin A&quot;); while<b data-page-node-id=\"K6D7TcDwYxZzPkeQpSUaNE\" data-dm-ref=\"48\">Astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene are all &quot;non-provitamin A&quot; substances.<\/b>It cannot be converted. Therefore, astaxanthin cannot be used as a source of vitamin A.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"w4JpT1n5YITbA4GVAvFP7t\" data-dm-ref=\"49\"><b data-page-node-id=\"ec3ErRKRRt0FpxrHXjHksd\" data-dm-ref=\"50\">It is fat-soluble, not water-soluble.<\/b>Astaxanthin is insoluble in water and must be absorbed along with oils. This directly determines how it should be consumed (see Section 5).<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"pJxWG9T2ceFGuYyjxwE3aA\" data-dm-ref=\"51\"><b data-page-node-id=\"zxEGKzHib8hZ5OMHgct10C\" data-dm-ref=\"52\">Its structure is very special:<\/b>The molecule has a polar hydroxyl group and a ketone group at each end, with a long-chain polyene structure in the middle. This &quot;polar at both ends and lipophilic in the middle&quot; structure allows it to...<b data-page-node-id=\"0blOTF6JNZJ5kI3gUybQrC\" data-dm-ref=\"53\">lipid bilayer spanning the cell membrane<\/b>\u2014It exerts its antioxidant effects both in the inner layer and on the surface of the membrane. In contrast, \u03b2-carotene mainly functions inside the membrane, while vitamin C only functions in the aqueous phase.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"Zup3ilqFRbYr9YSqlBYKU3\" data-dm-ref=\"54\">(2) Do not confuse &quot;carotenoids&quot; with &quot;anthocyanins&quot;.<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"KyIBmlm5tLahDzROrHyMJB\" data-dm-ref=\"55\">Online sources often mention &quot;three major types of carotenoids: lutein, astaxanthin, and anthocyanins.&quot;<b data-page-node-id=\"a3BdL7EdIBsKsOlCFmSUKh\" data-dm-ref=\"56\">Actually, it&#039;s a classification error.<\/b>Anthocyanins belong to the genus *Anthocyanin*.<b data-page-node-id=\"dxPr3bsDiDyRCmzrPyj0Ec\" data-dm-ref=\"57\">Flavonoids (polyphenols)<\/b>It is a purplish-red, water-soluble pigment found in blueberries, purple sweet potatoes, and purple cabbage; it belongs to a different chemical family than carotenoids. The true carotenoids are lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, lycopene, and astaxanthin.<\/p>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"oMXKWRXgP3HYE1NxxfLWPA\" data-dm-ref=\"58\">According to Oregon State University\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/dietary-factors\/phytochemicals\/carotenoids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"E7w1V8YAaUCJQqfpATDb5V\" data-dm-ref=\"59\">Compiled by Linus Pauling Institute<\/a>There are more than 750 known carotenoids in nature, and about 40 to 50 of them are found in the human diet. The six most common ones are \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-carotene, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene.<\/p>\r\n<table data-page-node-id=\"nzTekBhgxPeAylcQkFCLcU\" data-dm-ref=\"60\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"o6Th4uJApVMsb078n34qQ6\" data-dm-ref=\"61\">\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"Ro7n1VHTSTTqp3SCiLIfuq\" data-dm-ref=\"62\">ingredient<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"BTRdC3YMQ0EIP2r1FTTobi\" data-dm-ref=\"63\">Is it a carotenoid?<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"wQUPZXQwlT7w5qmLRZfBtL\" data-dm-ref=\"64\">Solubility<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"OffGVgU5yR96FUEtDz9PCE\" data-dm-ref=\"65\">Can it be converted into Vitamin A?<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"C6QhDFvO6pLAzzN45vP1LM\" data-dm-ref=\"66\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"Ce36FyTB4fco9PORFUHkHU\" data-dm-ref=\"67\">Astaxanthin<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"nG0ayjQk2DprE7Yk0M6qnw\" data-dm-ref=\"68\">Yes (oxygen-containing)<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"yTzS1t8qVnQpcZ2xtpuMYH\" data-dm-ref=\"69\">fat soluble<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"0iuq3wErqMQgmmzXBR0WaI\" data-dm-ref=\"70\">\u5426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"Jt7W8kG4RSDcqlwErR38Qe\" data-dm-ref=\"71\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"bS4gRtZBjUG9PTvhd7gcmn\" data-dm-ref=\"72\">Lutein, Zeaxanthin<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"BXrHQEQDqpeKMeAeoc1CGp\" data-dm-ref=\"73\">Yes (oxygen-containing)<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"T9yPLx1NGMZ9H72oSKDoEc\" data-dm-ref=\"74\">fat soluble<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"tMSIMiEEXmKlOC9S9tpus6\" data-dm-ref=\"75\">\u5426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"2iNbotLQwUWRKJG9NadQXx\" data-dm-ref=\"76\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"FrJa5x6Az7Pg0rgQPspYJe\" data-dm-ref=\"77\">beta-carotene<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"ajUGZwGx1AuJGWHwX1IFfJ\" data-dm-ref=\"78\">It is (carotene).<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"sYtKrbHiyOY3tGTiSARWF9\" data-dm-ref=\"79\">fat soluble<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"g0baYQUVH8yuxNyW9u10xF\" data-dm-ref=\"80\">\u662f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"P7BaAdN9CeMVpSlI1hIZJv\" data-dm-ref=\"81\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"Fm8MC0ymmIK9xs2dTafrAv\" data-dm-ref=\"82\">Lycopene<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"MH5BmcfxavaeD1r5TEHY8Z\" data-dm-ref=\"83\">It is (carotene).<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"zr4fjAwX8YuoYpJtkOtrvL\" data-dm-ref=\"84\">fat soluble<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"l4kQ6BSTGxrh1k0X4KZtlR\" data-dm-ref=\"85\">\u5426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"zwlbmWnQdBOI928j1zptQp\" data-dm-ref=\"86\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"FPpPBWc2PuQQ5H7g4cmjnM\" data-dm-ref=\"87\">anthocyanin<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"GPYnwvQ8avaukJGqjD5Fdg\" data-dm-ref=\"88\">No (belongs to flavonoids\/polyphenols)<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"tBqxrmRvR39qcuYMdicBDY\" data-dm-ref=\"89\">Water-soluble<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"iZWSBDYVEfRGxpfbXq8acs\" data-dm-ref=\"90\">\u5426<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"note\" data-page-node-id=\"3KD2ulqU4QgNejWfp0V0hC\" data-dm-ref=\"91\"><strong data-page-node-id=\"ciM7htWMYnJxUg1XJGynyO\" data-dm-ref=\"92\">Remember this in one sentence:<\/strong>Astaxanthin and lutein are &quot;from the same family but in different roles&quot;; anthocyanins belong to another family. All three may be related to eye health, but referring to them collectively as &quot;carotenoids&quot; can lead to misunderstandings about their properties (for example, mistakenly believing that anthocyanins should also be taken with oils).<\/div>\r\n<h2 id=\"myth\" data-page-node-id=\"FlO4smxARfgEIDGLwEajF9\" data-dm-ref=\"93\">2. How should we read &quot;Its antioxidant power is 500 times that of Vitamin E&quot;?<\/h2>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"cvtwkJOH5OLw1KJb5Y4ZVg\" data-dm-ref=\"94\">You may have seen astaxanthin described as having &quot;100 times, 500 times, or even 6000 times the antioxidant power of vitamin E, and vitamin C.&quot; These figures are not fabricated, but...<b data-page-node-id=\"CrsREUBQkwByWzoLhF8UPN\" data-dm-ref=\"95\">These studies are based on activity comparisons under laboratory (test tube) conditions and cannot be used to directly infer their efficacy in humans after oral administration.<\/b>There are three reasons:<\/p>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"jgDEDWIVljeyUkzqNCeyB2\" data-dm-ref=\"96\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"XX85ArkCo35F1ESu0MAugT\" data-dm-ref=\"97\"><b data-page-node-id=\"oSjqEKvG29GgEBNqCPUdLZ\" data-dm-ref=\"98\">The numbers themselves are highly inconsistent:<\/b>For the same ingredient, different experiments have yielded results of 100 times, 110 times, 500 times, and even 6000 times the increase. Since there is no fixed value, it means that it depends on the experimental conditions, rather than a constant that can be directly applied to the human body.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"nlKG6mxUuyYxJrwZoicT6C\" data-dm-ref=\"99\"><b data-page-node-id=\"HNAFlbcoyZOKFWs7DK8nLt\" data-dm-ref=\"100\">The object of comparison is singlet oxygen:<\/b>These multiples mostly compare the ability to quench singlet oxygen. The Linus Pauling Institute points out that carotenoids quench singlet oxygen...<b data-page-node-id=\"cx4Zjd8XmYXKLZmFpMxFGf\" data-dm-ref=\"101\">plant<\/b>It is very important, but<b data-page-node-id=\"CDAAXqsJHtCjEMHU2vwR5D\" data-dm-ref=\"102\">The link between singlet oxygen quenching and human health remains unclear.<\/b>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"WkRuPLgfoXML6xz191QH65\" data-dm-ref=\"103\"><b data-page-node-id=\"GMMJ9qwiLAraj8lEjFBArM\" data-dm-ref=\"104\">Limited oral absorption:<\/b>Ingested astaxanthin needs to be absorbed and transported before it reaches tissues, resulting in low bioavailability; the concentration in a test tube does not equal the concentration in the body.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"o3TGEBFZCFaVTdRhV4Sk53\" data-dm-ref=\"105\">A more pragmatic approach would be:<b data-page-node-id=\"GnPYTAIkaNbxlJdOxb0UHE\" data-dm-ref=\"106\">Astaxanthin&#039;s transmembrane structure allows it to exert antioxidant effects both inside and outside the lipid membrane, which is why it is particularly noteworthy among carotenoids.<\/b>However, to know whether it is actually effective, we need to look at human studies, not test tube studies. The next section summarizes the current status of human studies.<\/p>\r\n<h2 id=\"benefits\" data-page-node-id=\"JVgoTmpzHdKdFXbuXDW3p7\" data-dm-ref=\"107\">III. The effects of astaxanthin: What research says<\/h2>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"gFwfcMiIbWgpUTLlU7HaOD\" data-dm-ref=\"108\">Human studies on astaxanthin have focused on two directions:<b data-page-node-id=\"Gpoul0L1SVR9TFRCIf0sJF\" data-dm-ref=\"109\">skin<\/b>\u8207<b data-page-node-id=\"5LSuEhsfCPctx5CM6k72u5\" data-dm-ref=\"110\">Eye strain (especially from screen time)<\/b>The following is a summary of the research findings, including both supporting and reserved points.<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"IxbgNfNGX0dt96AfdJe9KD\" data-dm-ref=\"111\">(1) Skin: Moisture retention and elasticity are the most supported aspects.<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"6SNTlVHQXzwp0rj4ivFDkx\" data-dm-ref=\"112\">This is where the most research on astaxanthin has been accumulated, and there has been a comprehensive analysis:<\/p>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"bM2uR1puvKEGsPKAzxLzWz\" data-dm-ref=\"113\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"aATDAeD7tYsASpRkfBFDhS\" data-dm-ref=\"114\">A study published in *Nutrients* in 2021, which included eight randomized controlled trials,<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8472736\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"vkzoMRLRmEBH2hEZkxELkX\" data-dm-ref=\"115\">Integral analysis<\/a>The results show that oral astaxanthin can...<b data-page-node-id=\"9NurPuuVYoPzOyrUkQvpOT\" data-dm-ref=\"116\">Significantly increases skin hydration<\/b>(Standardized mean deviation 0.53) and<b data-page-node-id=\"ZZVBCh6hzGn3owmW2PiJJx\" data-dm-ref=\"117\">Improve skin elasticity<\/b>(Standardized mean deviation 0.77); As for<b data-page-node-id=\"3S95xI5URpzFgx9feWKU0J\" data-dm-ref=\"118\">The depth of wrinkles did not reach statistical significance.<\/b>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"wuBcZZL1yQAJQGEukewarh\" data-dm-ref=\"119\">A study that included 11 clinical trials in 2020<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32202443\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"bgLOWdc0arVcJB2oAecPW0\" data-dm-ref=\"120\">Systematic Review<\/a>It was also noted that astaxanthin (approximately 3 to 6 mg daily) helps improve skin texture, appearance, and hydration, and shows a protective effect against UV-induced skin damage; no serious adverse events were reported in the study.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"TBlYjJMPAAubuIZDw1sUx0\" data-dm-ref=\"121\">Other smaller studies include: 6 or 12 mg daily for 16 consecutive weeks resulted in better changes in wrinkle and moisture levels than the placebo group; 4 mg daily for approximately 9 to 10 weeks increased the skin&#039;s &quot;sunburn threshold&quot; and reduced moisture loss.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"warn\" data-page-node-id=\"EnExqlKilrpxQH7pXK3zQB\" data-dm-ref=\"122\"><strong data-page-node-id=\"DC2HEJQQEx0J930DTryL1b\" data-dm-ref=\"123\">Two points must be stated honestly:<\/strong><br data-page-node-id=\"YcfRAhyr1rAgJiqU2vZ5kC\" data-dm-ref=\"124\" \/>\u2460 The sample sizes of the above studies are generally small, and the subjects are mainly healthy adult women.<b data-page-node-id=\"LnjAprfbXZjvvEuFdFmGJA\" data-dm-ref=\"125\">Moreover, many of them are funded by raw material or product manufacturers.<\/b>When interpreting this, it should be viewed conservatively and not regarded as a definitive conclusion.<br data-page-node-id=\"78QGGOK5nmUtIOBG3zOp2F\" data-dm-ref=\"126\" \/>\u2461\u00a0<b data-page-node-id=\"acLT83Sk1Ff9jm8UcIsF7Z\" data-dm-ref=\"127\">Astaxanthin is not an &quot;oral sunscreen&quot;.<\/b>It may slightly increase the skin&#039;s tolerance to ultraviolet rays, but<b data-page-node-id=\"UxLR5hggAhfHIgbzSgXJZy\" data-dm-ref=\"128\">It cannot replace sunscreen, clothing, and sun protection.<\/b>It is a common misconception to consider oral antioxidants as an alternative to sun protection.<\/div>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"8lnt1MqgfiQWZ3xDuuFUMK\" data-dm-ref=\"129\">(2) Eyes: Screen fatigue and accommodation<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"wQCPqUArFYM7uqlEIIYsCX\" data-dm-ref=\"130\">&quot;Screen fatigue&quot; (eye strain and difficulty focusing after using computers and mobile phones) is the most frequently cited area for astaxanthin, and it is supported by several double-blind controlled studies, although the scale is generally small.<\/p>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"VlKdymBekalzLJOsofBv0c\" data-dm-ref=\"131\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"qbHfL0pXQqXmQYyUmPtGTO\" data-dm-ref=\"132\">According to a 2020 article<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7281326\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"uvqCT8EKmjgM41bMyEbiK5\" data-dm-ref=\"133\">Eye Application Review<\/a>Multiple double-blind randomized studies involving VDT (video-visual-constant) workers have shown that astaxanthin supplementation (commonly 6 mg daily for 4 weeks) resulted in...<b data-page-node-id=\"Yhu0vyK0GTXu9FpW1zVrTw\" data-dm-ref=\"134\">The eye&#039;s accommodative ability and symptoms of perceived fatigue have improved.<\/b>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"NwDsymlCNywC46K5wJwlup\" data-dm-ref=\"135\">One<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36777084\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"d5sWK98mxpAU7QNos1Lqw8\" data-dm-ref=\"136\">Double-blind placebo-controlled study in 2023<\/a>Sixty healthy adults were given a daily supplement of 9 mg for six weeks. Results...<b data-page-node-id=\"r9aUSzdStEipYHWQkD38XW\" data-dm-ref=\"137\">Group of 40 years and older<\/b>It provides better protection for corrected vision after screen work;<b data-page-node-id=\"vhgZY3wXGVsZICQLoanVLN\" data-dm-ref=\"138\">No difference was observed in the under-40 age group.<\/b>There were no differences in functional visual acuity and pupillary contraction rate between the two groups. This study was funded by the raw material manufacturer and is a matter of disclosure of interest.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"1E9aICdvD5qnkhkEntyoUg\" data-dm-ref=\"139\">Regarding children, a study involving 10 to 14-year-olds with mild to moderate computer vision syndrome (daily supplementation, 84 days) showed...<b data-page-node-id=\"vODgEyuumnffnXPoe6V0ke\" data-dm-ref=\"140\">Visual fatigue-related indicators and stereoscopic vision improved.<\/b>However, no differences were observed in visual acuity, refractive error, or accommodation parameters, and no adverse events were reported.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"YZDRdAYvuW0FYFs3mE3Kk7\" data-dm-ref=\"141\">Regarding eye diseases, existing data mostly classify them as...<b data-page-node-id=\"f1kIKQbZqbuWVnEvBbqESY\" data-dm-ref=\"142\">Compound Study<\/b>For example, a study involving 27 patients with early-stage dry age-related macular degeneration used a compound containing 4 mg of astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamins C\/E, zinc, and copper. After 12 months, central retinal function indicators improved; however, because it was a compound,<b data-page-node-id=\"LNmvGTIk8j8Orai2mu0RHA\" data-dm-ref=\"143\">The effect cannot be attributed solely to astaxanthin.<\/b>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"note\" data-page-node-id=\"R06NCRtadP3Wgx7ub3Pepe\" data-dm-ref=\"144\"><strong data-page-node-id=\"6xw6OON0gZW3vXFqAP43LG\" data-dm-ref=\"145\">The positioning must be clear:<\/strong>The above are all &quot;<b data-page-node-id=\"Ns5otsPzhFWE4Fm15xtnrd\" data-dm-ref=\"146\">Daily health care and relief of eye strain<\/b>&quot;Hierarchical research directions&quot;<b data-page-node-id=\"g2d6PDEkM0vt7kwk25c697\" data-dm-ref=\"147\">Treatment for non-eye diseases<\/b>Eye fatigue can be relieved by taking breaks, adjusting screen distance and lighting, and following the &quot;20-20-20&quot; eye care routine. If vision continues to change or you experience discomfort, you should have your eyes examined by an ophthalmologist and not replace treatment with supplements on your own.<\/div>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"ozNxlEMq22TUYkl0Ty7IL3\" data-dm-ref=\"148\">(3) Cardiovascular and exercise: a research direction that is still accumulating<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"jXq2vXd8ncGm3vXYXP1FXm\" data-dm-ref=\"149\">Astaxanthin has also been studied in the cardiovascular and exercise fields. Some studies have observed positive effects on blood lipid indicators such as triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), while others have focused on oxidative stress indicators after exercise; however...<b data-page-node-id=\"CeiLcXiN5NskxALc5Hk2C7\" data-dm-ref=\"150\">The dosage, subjects, and measurement indicators varied considerably among different studies, and the conclusions were not yet consistent, indicating a direction in which evidence continues to accumulate.<\/b>If the goal is cardiovascular health, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and treatment recommended by a doctor remain the mainstays.<\/p>\r\n<h2 id=\"food\" data-page-node-id=\"QTtRowYkPS8EFtRuWX9E73\" data-dm-ref=\"151\">IV. Natural Food Sources of Astaxanthin<\/h2>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"HIceC3EPBIrRuN2TyLIhAW\" data-dm-ref=\"152\">In our daily diet, astaxanthin almost entirely comes from seafood. The following are common reference values; actual levels will vary depending on the species, growing environment, and feed:<\/p>\r\n<table data-page-node-id=\"tNAep0JHbPRyHWnletBCLI\" data-dm-ref=\"153\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"1E2hVSFoVnDNqAZp17sF7v\" data-dm-ref=\"154\">\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"SQtsAgBj0Qr37wQ3yJyePd\" data-dm-ref=\"155\">food<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"y73S22hhWeDffgfKX8O8gq\" data-dm-ref=\"156\">Reference content<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"VbEHgTm2fSx6Q0E8fuFm76\" data-dm-ref=\"157\">illustrate<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"OVVFTbn6McvB5JNEMoTlB6\" data-dm-ref=\"158\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"SonlLtxj5eAbB2hMKCvffc\" data-dm-ref=\"159\">Wild sockeye salmon<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"E7jAgu9UDVKOOVMFj68ZFs\" data-dm-ref=\"160\">Approximately 4.5 mg\/100g<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"B0vjCzHM4A6NMQ1VAYEq95\" data-dm-ref=\"161\">Foods with high content<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"RzI9GIzBY2W1I7Q9NG380s\" data-dm-ref=\"162\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"ZGn7ELIzcMxkAvKK9ON5s3\" data-dm-ref=\"163\">wild rainbow trout<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"yhDXy6fhEp8PLp5ZxCMkuY\" data-dm-ref=\"164\">Approximately 5.5 mg\/100g<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"9HdhpPme3kFAcRX4YUlSCO\" data-dm-ref=\"165\">Content comparable to that of salmon<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"O3UWoY1sqBn4knK1KCkn4I\" data-dm-ref=\"166\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"lUCV64EzofVdmyHxWRkdp9\" data-dm-ref=\"167\">Arctic shrimp<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"0epzvsDoYQWMUW0IGZXecc\" data-dm-ref=\"168\">Approximately 1.2 mg\/100g<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"J42XpLj3kBOuxzMfu3tnlH\" data-dm-ref=\"169\">Eating shrimp shells along with the shrimp increases the intake of nutrients.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"KxBJzBgVghYhbG8EESk0Dd\" data-dm-ref=\"170\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"umrWxvmHhsUc19Ife9mtv1\" data-dm-ref=\"171\">lobster<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"rRQvMtAeRZKMmyBrQjDKST\" data-dm-ref=\"172\">Approximately 1.0 mg\/100 g<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"kgaqAD97Ix95J7fXU4lkrV\" data-dm-ref=\"173\">The pigments are mainly concentrated in the shrimp shell.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"98iPopzcLbgZfSKHiSm8eU\" data-dm-ref=\"174\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"aQF8RNcCuxXyrEFclhTNNJ\" data-dm-ref=\"175\">Krill, other shrimp and crab, trout<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"k36nPIboshPAiWBU0wzZxh\" data-dm-ref=\"176\">Content varies depending on the variety.<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"Kn6DsEx7QzYOtLR2RlTFaH\" data-dm-ref=\"177\">It is also one of the food sources<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"AbDuLxrNSDV5McYGJcJ7xJ\" data-dm-ref=\"178\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"KMi9OWbST1Am1OARQYM1Iy\" data-dm-ref=\"179\"><b data-page-node-id=\"E5hOZECDeBg3pnRHkkHMqz\" data-dm-ref=\"180\">A serving of 200 grams of salmon<\/b>It provides approximately 1 to 7 milligrams of astaxanthin (approximately 3 to 37 milligrams per kilogram of fish), depending on the source.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"ZvlZVMr5eZCfnAGlrYK8PJ\" data-dm-ref=\"181\">\u26a0\ufe0f\u00a0<b data-page-node-id=\"8IHhLN8sHlp2eXtRfjQKe5\" data-dm-ref=\"182\">The orange-red color of farmed salmon comes from feed additives.<\/b>(Natural algal source or synthetic astaxanthin), so the content depends on the feed formula and may not be the same as that of wild astaxanthin.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"AcY6Id96PlHiD2H5yerVHX\" data-dm-ref=\"183\"><b data-page-node-id=\"EzbRCdjptpHNnwPp7HDFBd\" data-dm-ref=\"184\">Main ingredients of supplements<\/b>It is Haematococcus pluvialis; krill oil is another secondary source.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"lHo5OIVc7gAZAQF6xIcDHH\" data-dm-ref=\"185\"><b data-page-node-id=\"FNZ6SjrCGm0clZjk52ZZT9\" data-dm-ref=\"186\">Real-world reminder:<\/b>If you don&#039;t eat seafood regularly, it&#039;s difficult to reach the dosage used in the study through your daily diet alone\u2014which is why many people choose concentrated supplements.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"dXQptUzEPMMDxBh0Fjxw9v\" data-dm-ref=\"187\"><b data-page-node-id=\"IIsTj5HnfhXNXUYt5XG7Mx\" data-dm-ref=\"188\">In terms of cooking:<\/b>Astaxanthin is relatively stable and is generally not significantly affected by heating; the real key is...<b data-page-node-id=\"COpZ7JC07fWL1acMeDAOyF\" data-dm-ref=\"189\">That meal needs to contain oil.<\/b>(See next section).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"dosage\" data-page-node-id=\"RN4uTbO3kaU0X8EfwPoWJ9\" data-dm-ref=\"190\">5. How much should I eat each day? When should I eat?<\/h2>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"zM9MtuU9ZfFUGd2o3Lrs5k\" data-dm-ref=\"191\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"q4a8aUrohUHAsdoPV0SglP\" data-dm-ref=\"192\"><b data-page-node-id=\"RCL3Sz6DvHfKHFZgE2SxhS\" data-dm-ref=\"193\">Commonly used dosage in research:<\/b>Most eye and skin studies use<b data-page-node-id=\"yzWbbYZlrNjVrcYXA7OL3i\" data-dm-ref=\"194\">4 to 6 mg daily<\/b>Some skin studies used 12 mg. The general health maintenance range is 4 to 12 mg daily.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"WriUED3KgA0xkp4jYGaH9i\" data-dm-ref=\"195\"><b data-page-node-id=\"SRCz8PUApHi5ImajJfgFjY\" data-dm-ref=\"196\">Take with meals, and it should contain oils:<\/b>Astaxanthin is fat-soluble; according to the Linus Pauling Institute, as long as it is present in about [amount missing] in a meal...\u00a0<b data-page-node-id=\"dkaj1C0rz13yfgypg5oaMB\" data-dm-ref=\"197\">3 to 5 grams of fat<\/b>This is sufficient to aid in the absorption of carotenoids. Absorption will be significantly worse when taken on an empty stomach or with a low-fat meal.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"q1Ge8miO4qQEH1FYIh9kbE\" data-dm-ref=\"198\"><b data-page-node-id=\"Rp7RojgAWtpkoqFp9XE41S\" data-dm-ref=\"199\">Dosage form differs:<\/b>Oil-based soft capsules (or those formulated with edible oils) generally have better bioavailability than dry powder tablets.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"boNiByjCZEmp6WXByqoFly\" data-dm-ref=\"200\"><b data-page-node-id=\"vshge5qkDOyuDns6m7nXbT\" data-dm-ref=\"201\">It takes time to accumulate:<\/b>Most studies show changes only after 4 to 12 weeks. It is recommended to...<b data-page-node-id=\"BCS3h6zH6f9X6HBsOr6lRl\" data-dm-ref=\"202\">8 to 12 weeks<\/b>As this is an observation period, it is not advisable to expect immediate results.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"MZoJSyFSwyhs7vmqK0RWhV\" data-dm-ref=\"203\"><b data-page-node-id=\"QFCh0lNAbesuS9NpKMW56l\" data-dm-ref=\"204\">Morning or evening is fine:<\/b>Current evidence does not show a significant difference between morning and evening; the key is to take it regularly with a meal containing oil.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"safety\" data-page-node-id=\"FnnWMHt3DAeE8UrA6WQvlN\" data-dm-ref=\"205\">VI. Upper limit of dosage and adverse reactions<\/h2>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"bkFAUEOVtbCDSiD93eeN5U\" data-dm-ref=\"206\">Astaxanthin has a good overall safety record, but there are still dosage reference values and a few precautions:<\/p>\r\n<table data-page-node-id=\"wK6QXCrCwIH1blBwkN5Lbw\" data-dm-ref=\"207\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"GF0qCtEQx6oPzl9iq4lQCI\" data-dm-ref=\"208\">\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"35OCXPIkdp8Qu6cae6U63F\" data-dm-ref=\"209\">mechanism<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"rsXkEtzAV9EcrQP3ornDvL\" data-dm-ref=\"210\">Reference value<\/th>\r\n<th data-page-node-id=\"6zMW49nb2xuxBQPrXmRbq4\" data-dm-ref=\"211\">illustrate<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"HS1OQ1edKXtGCUX9iDccay\" data-dm-ref=\"212\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"90ODiOwUkbhSGFeStuve7T\" data-dm-ref=\"213\">European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2020)<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"FqBqPNJxEXnSrmAkcqxp5G\" data-dm-ref=\"214\">The acceptable daily intake is 0.2 mg\/kg body weight.<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"HOUGVQ5CGDlVQ5aNiYy34d\" data-dm-ref=\"215\">For a 70 kg adult, the dosage is approximately 14 mg; a daily intake of 8 mg from supplements is safe for adults and adolescents aged 14 and older.<b data-page-node-id=\"8BnM3CLTPheEdjnCEAHfo2\" data-dm-ref=\"216\">Not suitable for children under 14 years old<\/b>(Including food intake, the value may exceed the reference range)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-page-node-id=\"sRkigTUZz883J1tJdHH0wg\" data-dm-ref=\"217\">\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"YZhjesrZn03cRAn5PmbiCI\" data-dm-ref=\"218\">US FDA<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"Bpqd04A1cqegXbvTl54YLH\" data-dm-ref=\"219\">The maximum daily dose is 12 mg; for short-term use (not exceeding 30 days), it can be up to 24 mg.<\/td>\r\n<td data-page-node-id=\"tGBH3hIR9dOHGzCPezt6lG\" data-dm-ref=\"220\">Astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"pqtM77XHhv8b69ECBnIlK4\" data-dm-ref=\"221\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"xFc0M6mDMh3JcpGCrS9ntU\" data-dm-ref=\"222\"><b data-page-node-id=\"O2R5hI0sjWi9SmUzAhRxRj\" data-dm-ref=\"223\">Tolerance during the study:<\/b>A single dose of 40 mg, and daily doses of 16 to 40 mg (for patients with functional dyspepsia), were well tolerated in studies; however, these doses are not general recommendations and should not be used for self-comparison.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"Px80WYf8c32Y5Xc8RREP5X\" data-dm-ref=\"224\"><b data-page-node-id=\"lPIub91FhEg7QErJ3gNYsN\" data-dm-ref=\"225\">Benign reactions that may occur with higher doses:<\/b>Continuing to consume more than 20 mg daily may cause a yellowish-orange skin tint (carotenemia) in a small number of individuals.<b data-page-node-id=\"OFHvoR5UKU8FyHRKQUbWPP\" data-dm-ref=\"226\">Reversible<\/b>The symptoms will return after reducing the dosage or stopping use; pink or red stools and mild gastrointestinal discomfort may also occur, usually related to taking it on an empty stomach.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"qwwF1w7dCWPHTrJJYOYQ0B\" data-dm-ref=\"227\"><b data-page-node-id=\"3Npontju8VOn3wxs6RJQ90\" data-dm-ref=\"228\">Pregnancy and breastfeeding:<\/b>Currently, there is a lack of sufficient human safety data, generally<b data-page-node-id=\"1EcGVdVvoQgpWOpOF7ylQ9\" data-dm-ref=\"229\">Not recommended<\/b>Taking concentrated supplements during these two stages; consuming small amounts from foods such as salmon and shrimp is within the scope of a normal diet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 id=\"caution\" data-page-node-id=\"wlVNVDsYK1Rb4q0jt4EvJQ\" data-dm-ref=\"230\">VII. Safety Reminder: Who should consult a doctor first?<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"warn\" data-page-node-id=\"QqaWRFTs1vbHxbHaZPCgcy\" data-dm-ref=\"231\"><strong data-page-node-id=\"usrBkvryOBmzg85a0Omcf8\" data-dm-ref=\"232\">\u26a0\ufe0f If you are taking anticoagulants (especially warfarin): be sure to consult your doctor first.<\/strong>One case report documented a 69-year-old woman who added astaxanthin (16 mg daily, higher than the recommended amount stated on the product label) while taking warfarin consistently for an extended period.<b data-page-node-id=\"edIrlemeLoHyMKeH4WKqp7\" data-dm-ref=\"233\">The INR rose from 1.4 to 10.38 within one to two days.<\/b>Large bruises appeared, but returned to normal after discontinuing the medication and administering vitamin K. Researchers assessed the relationship as &quot;possibly related.&quot; If you are taking any anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications (including aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.), or have a bleeding disorder,<b data-page-node-id=\"fkWywOvmvc3DBCeKy7zq2v\" data-dm-ref=\"234\">Please consult a doctor or pharmacist first; do not add any supplements on your own.<\/b>\u3002<\/div>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"d9pFUjcznQyB7XwYykJjim\" data-dm-ref=\"235\">It is also recommended to consult a doctor or pharmacist in the following situations:<\/p>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"gP0zSL2ctWPhqvB7lNiSUA\" data-dm-ref=\"236\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"4dYzlBqsCcuzwuaTHrIXXR\" data-dm-ref=\"237\"><b data-page-node-id=\"XCa0GcxTtIQA3aKV6jzPS7\" data-dm-ref=\"238\">About to undergo surgery or dental surgery:<\/b>Due to the risk of bleeding, it is generally recommended to discontinue use at least two weeks in advance. Please follow the instructions of your medical staff for specific arrangements.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"yZlieeZha5P11tniNpR1l2\" data-dm-ref=\"239\"><b data-page-node-id=\"ocKYJVBJJZyoaubtCH6pm9\" data-dm-ref=\"240\">Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers:<\/b>There is a lack of data on human safety.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"DSRnqPMOskh4CZRTAGKraC\" data-dm-ref=\"241\"><b data-page-node-id=\"WPjpYcXeVP9d9qpYevVMHu\" data-dm-ref=\"242\">Children under 14 years old:<\/b>According to EFSA&#039;s assessment, the supplement dosage may exceed the reference value, and its use is generally not recommended.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"MB0pC1GCNXxeXmcCGfATey\" data-dm-ref=\"243\"><b data-page-node-id=\"1s51BCpEpwrqL64tXMWwGI\" data-dm-ref=\"244\">For those allergic to algae or seafood:<\/b>Pay attention to the source of raw materials and production line, and carefully read the label before purchasing.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"jVELBE23fkdZswpg1gNg0n\" data-dm-ref=\"245\"><b data-page-node-id=\"lOp9py2snyRvAz3jsemRhQ\" data-dm-ref=\"246\">For those currently taking other long-term prescription medications or suffering from chronic illnesses:<\/b>Let your doctor know what supplements you are taking.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"xl48IhofUrvQE3pwSQFNSo\" data-dm-ref=\"247\"><b data-page-node-id=\"TMUAVfM1ZSB2xetJE8kHoK\" data-dm-ref=\"248\">When should you seek medical attention as soon as possible?<\/b>Sudden vision loss, straight lines appearing curved, blackouts or flashes of light in front of the eyes, red and painful eyes, and visual field defects\u2014these are not conditions that can be treated with supplements, and you should see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.<\/p>\r\n<h2 id=\"products\" data-page-node-id=\"EePUMRuejqCi7XkVc3H7XD\" data-dm-ref=\"249\">8. How to choose astaxanthin health supplements?<\/h2>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"Jciz7IRJawBecM1vlhNjRw\" data-dm-ref=\"250\">There is a significant difference between astaxanthin products on the market. The following three points are the most practical criteria for judgment:<\/p>\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"ZEEFGUBsMHDRTYN0TvtZkw\" data-dm-ref=\"251\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"J6eBooAzEksSo7v9vAv0Y9\" data-dm-ref=\"252\"><b data-page-node-id=\"RWIa3feYRKfpy109WNd8i1\" data-dm-ref=\"253\">\u2460 Check if the source of the raw materials is specified as &quot;Haematococcus pluvialis&quot;.<\/b>All human studies use astaxanthin derived from natural algae. Astaxanthin synthesized from petrochemical raw materials has a different stereoisomer ratio than natural astaxanthin and is mainly used in aquatic feed; it is not approved for human consumption in most regions. Labels that only state &quot;astaxanthin complex&quot; without specifying the source make it difficult to determine its origin.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"tOh8DCkInVJ74CAi9Fcmqp\" data-dm-ref=\"254\"><b data-page-node-id=\"enGSnYr6BKnFSlTbgcYqGK\" data-dm-ref=\"255\">\u2461 Check the actual content (mg) of each pill.<\/b>The commonly used range in studies is 4 to 12 mg daily. If the product is a combination product, it is important to confirm the exact amount of astaxanthin in milligrams, rather than just looking at the large number in the &quot;total extract&quot;.<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"jt4ggPRL0K17YaLfrL2F7s\" data-dm-ref=\"256\"><b data-page-node-id=\"Ia10CWmCUJU5VLbSfbIv16\" data-dm-ref=\"257\">\u2462 Check the dosage form and packaging method.<\/b>Fat-soluble ingredients are better absorbed in oil-based soft capsules or formulations with oil carriers; in addition, pay attention to whether there are third-party inspection or batch reports, and whether the capsule itself is gelatin (vegetarians need to check this in special way).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"VdAUZYajLk0tikEyEOh2wm\" data-dm-ref=\"274\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h2 id=\"faq\" data-page-node-id=\"VdAUZYajLk0tikEyEOh2wm\" data-dm-ref=\"274\">IX. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"faq\" data-page-node-id=\"HOpuC5IgmBzq3VhvfbgnDJ\" data-dm-ref=\"275\">\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"pFBDboAM8UKHGlVAXnZlfv\" data-dm-ref=\"276\">Q1: Is astaxanthin a type of vitamin A?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"WACWMptJbLVo53GZyeY9GP\" data-dm-ref=\"277\">No. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid, but it is a &quot;non-provitamin A,&quot; meaning the human body cannot convert it into vitamin A. Vitamin A should be obtained from animal liver, eggs, milk, or orange\/dark green fruits and vegetables rich in beta-carotene.<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"nLwJXMPPsQAH2iEM8DRxJ5\" data-dm-ref=\"278\">Q2: What is the difference between astaxanthin and lutein? Which one should I choose?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"aYhsKNUhqoIwZ5oxB5fgul\" data-dm-ref=\"279\">Both are carotenoids and fat-soluble, but they have different functions: lutein selectively accumulates in the macula of the eye, and research mainly focuses on its relationship with macular health and blue light filtering; astaxanthin does not concentrate in the macula and is more often studied in relation to screen fatigue, accommodation, and skin hydration. They are...<b data-page-node-id=\"HHD1Gajun4z4vd2oKCnSYx\" data-dm-ref=\"280\">A pairing relationship, not an either\/or choice.<\/b>Many eye care formulas contain both (the formula described on this page is one example).<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"cZo9wL6fLCtEOv4MCM4HAG\" data-dm-ref=\"281\">Q3: Are anthocyanins also carotenoids?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"ofVcWVyjmEmsbuJGpRnr3K\" data-dm-ref=\"282\">No. Anthocyanins belong to the flavonoid family (polyphenols), and are the purplish-red, water-soluble pigments found in blueberries, purple sweet potatoes, and purple cabbage. They belong to a different family than carotenoids. Both may be related to eye health, but their chemical properties and absorption methods are different (for example, anthocyanins do not require lipids for absorption).<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"RlMYZFEjj8uCqJKRbRYmaJ\" data-dm-ref=\"283\">Q4: Can I skip sunscreen if I take astaxanthin?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"BwpvvCtqexXskJOFUbC1rl\" data-dm-ref=\"284\">No. Astaxanthin is not a sunscreen ingredient. It may slightly increase the skin&#039;s tolerance to ultraviolet rays, but it cannot replace sunscreen, clothing, or sun protection. Sunscreen remains the most basic step in protecting your skin.<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"jvmgtYXRTyijWrGAlRkudh\" data-dm-ref=\"285\">Q5: How long does it take to see results?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"oLFXoOldRAZvF1bBwShz62\" data-dm-ref=\"286\">Most studies lasted 4 to 12 weeks, and this is a nutrient that needs to be accumulated. It is recommended to use an 8 to 12-week observation period and take it with a meal containing fat every day; taking it for a few days in a short period usually will not show obvious changes.<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"H2nAeXA0D4tGRxlxC49fmy\" data-dm-ref=\"287\">Q6: Can vegetarians consume astaxanthin?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"UPEkNQUANbD50EFeP0iyAm\" data-dm-ref=\"288\">Astaxanthin itself comes from microalgae and is not of animal origin; however, many commercially available capsules have gelatin (animal-derived) shells. Vegetarians can look for products labeled as plant-based capsules (such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose).<\/p>\r\n<h3 data-page-node-id=\"xXOAUNemTc2MMF4t6zk6Gw\" data-dm-ref=\"289\">Q7: Can astaxanthin be taken with fish oil or lutein?<\/h3>\r\n<p data-page-node-id=\"txor5DCAeeUsOBSbqKeK8z\" data-dm-ref=\"290\">Yes, all three are fat-soluble, so taking them together with meals helps with absorption and they won&#039;t interfere with each other. However, if you are taking prescription medications (especially anticoagulants), you should still consult your doctor or pharmacist first.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 id=\"src\" data-page-node-id=\"rbtrllla0iMgBKOk3lXGDu\" data-dm-ref=\"291\">10. Sources of Information<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"src\" data-page-node-id=\"spAIwaVBBv531ofLACJ7tW\" data-dm-ref=\"292\">\r\n<ul data-page-node-id=\"7sSxfMtF9YAWfelsIkedla\" data-dm-ref=\"293\">\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"mzOsSSkQGzvaXD7YAEhCkI\" data-dm-ref=\"294\">Linus Pauling Institute (Oregon State University):<a href=\"https:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/dietary-factors\/phytochemicals\/carotenoids\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"ZSKJEc1GG9QoEuIZYqMKoK\" data-dm-ref=\"295\">Carotenoids<\/a>(Types of carotenoids, classification of provitamin A, fat solubility and absorption conditions)<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"LdqZHnRvOmZCUK1qFQM4Dk\" data-dm-ref=\"296\">Zhou X, et al.\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"cSr7E4B2TQQ2ajOyQ5skf3\" data-dm-ref=\"297\">Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Astaxanthin on Human Skin Aging.<\/i>\u00a0Nutrients. 2021;13(9):2917.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8472736\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"Ut01fo9eqw0X7qCRqCvEvp\" data-dm-ref=\"298\">full text<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"h2BmMiUiIT9SPBySeK3jtZ\" data-dm-ref=\"299\">Ng QX, et al.\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"0VeDZ6QMUEXwNudZcyZyyM\" data-dm-ref=\"300\">Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.<\/i>\u00a0J Diet Suppl. 2020.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32202443\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"IsOcQrnQyEm0iTwuQ4mf4B\" data-dm-ref=\"301\">summary<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"OcVvVlxy6AeeNzt4pd55s9\" data-dm-ref=\"302\">Giannaccare G, et al.\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"J29gp3c0HaMT8lQWDkyFq7\" data-dm-ref=\"303\">Clinical Applications of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Ocular Diseases: Emerging Insights.<\/i>\u00a0Mar Drugs. 2020;18(5):239.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7281326\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"vi489vZmk3KtbxepMO3G25\" data-dm-ref=\"304\">full text<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"GQbGZy6DcynJGq5NoRbxLL\" data-dm-ref=\"305\">Sekikawa T, et al.\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"BGFkrOmOLK5IAQvHXs1ES7\" data-dm-ref=\"306\">Effects of diet containing astaxanthin on visual function in healthy individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study.<\/i>\u00a0J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36777084\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"eEhC6P9Ho0GPWDpIURR4Zr\" data-dm-ref=\"307\">summary<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"tkyDt8zROjsG7eaGXdZlRb\" data-dm-ref=\"308\">Santiyanon N, Yeephu S.\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"UgwCH4lX0jt0KdIfrEuxSO\" data-dm-ref=\"309\">Interaction between warfarin and astaxanthin: A case report.<\/i>\u00a02019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6495044\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"ZRAjLJjR74zKMcFjPFtLDU\" data-dm-ref=\"310\">full text<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"ZwIEfubUYbs8fGDwVU9Bvf\" data-dm-ref=\"311\">Davinelli S, et al.\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"4VwybKMFsipK3J6E9W3mMJ\" data-dm-ref=\"312\">Astaxanthin in Skin Health, Repair, and Disease: A Comprehensive Review.<\/i>\u00a0Nutrients. 2018;10(4):522.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5946307\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"6g6Iw7VRA3tlyBMXH5iSUm\" data-dm-ref=\"313\">full text<\/a>(Safety information, FDA daily recommended limits)<\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"GT3XzBP2TwLUAEjzsGfjEJ\" data-dm-ref=\"314\">EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA).\u00a0<i data-page-node-id=\"5rVXJKww0duEeIr3fqxZke\" data-dm-ref=\"315\">Safety of astaxanthin for its use as a novel food in food supplements.<\/i>\u00a0EFSA Journal. 2020;18(2):5993.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.5993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"Ox9C6tMkAgBAiTOTARIf26\" data-dm-ref=\"316\">Full text of the opinion<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"R77AGtJRNAJvEOfKPBmcRZ\" data-dm-ref=\"317\">A systematic review of Nutrients (2025):<i data-page-node-id=\"75ZLrZS0T1T24MaAnxPvk0\" data-dm-ref=\"318\">Nutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control<\/i>(Including research on astaxanthin in children with computer vision syndrome)<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12787848\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"itPncXBEJX5eZ2PSElF4T4\" data-dm-ref=\"319\">full text<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li data-page-node-id=\"PrSLsa1otxjH4mEzUzwMMk\" data-dm-ref=\"320\">NHS:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/dry-eyes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page-node-id=\"zKAcWCKESAmGq1MQYQ9X4Q\" data-dm-ref=\"321\">Dry eyes (daily care and medical advice for dry eyes)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"disclaimer\" data-page-node-id=\"Hot2XgfQhEwkEOIx8kOScB\" data-dm-ref=\"322\"><b data-page-node-id=\"PN8nhA6rYtIli3L6ksPSh3\" data-dm-ref=\"323\">Disclaimer:<\/b>This article shares general nutrition and health knowledge.<b data-page-node-id=\"YuPts04CufWBfnYFwPo4N6\" data-dm-ref=\"324\">This does not constitute any diagnosis, treatment, or prescription advice, nor can it replace professional medical advice.<\/b>The studies mentioned in this article are based on specific conditions; individual circumstances vary, and results may differ from person to person. Astaxanthin and other supplements are intended as daily nutritional aids and cannot replace a balanced diet, sun protection, eye examinations, or doctor&#039;s prescriptions. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, children under 14 years of age, those taking prescription medications (especially anticoagulants), those with bleeding disorders, or those about to undergo surgery should consult a doctor or pharmacist before use. If persistent discomfort or vision abnormalities occur, please seek medical attention as soon as possible. Product ingredients, content per capsule, recommended dosage, and precautions are subject to the information displayed on the packaging and the latest information on the product page at the time of purchase.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carotenoids are powerful antioxidants that help boost the immune system and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Due to their numerous health benefits, carotenoids are now added to some medications, supplements, and children&#039;s foods to enhance their nutritional value and appeal. Fruits and vegetables naturally contain over 700 types of carotenoids. However, only 50 are recognized by scientists as having significant biological activity in the human body. This article recommends three types of carotenoids (lutein, astaxanthin, and anthocyanins), which offer positive health benefits for everyone.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":164335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[837,164,371],"tags":[406],"class_list":["post-14972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-837","category-164","category-371","tag-406"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u8766\u9752\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u529f\u6548\u3001\u98df\u7269\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u600e\u9ebc\u6311<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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