{"id":128556,"date":"2025-09-03T14:58:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T06:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/?p=128556"},"modified":"2026-11-05T08:34:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T00:34:35","slug":"blog-%e5%a2%a8%e9%8f%a1%e5%82%8d%e8%ba%ab%e9%98%b2%e6%9b%ac%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e7%9c%bc%e7%9d%9b%e6%90%8d%e5%82%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e5%a2%a8%e9%8f%a1%e5%82%8d%e8%ba%ab%e9%98%b2%e6%9b%ac%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e7%9c%bc%e7%9d%9b%e6%90%8d%e5%82%b7","title":{"rendered":"Eyes also need sun protection: UV rays damage the eyes; how to choose UV400 sunglasses."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ace-line\" dir=\"auto\" data-node=\"true\">\n<blockquote><p>To combat skin aging, many people apply sunscreen before going out; however, many are unprepared when the same sunlight shines into their eyes. The damage from ultraviolet rays to the eyes is not as immediately visible as sunburn; it...<strong>The damage accumulates slowly over a lifetime and is irreversible.<\/strong>This is the World Health Organization&#039;s core reminder regarding ultraviolet radiation protection for the eyes.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>When discussing eye sun protection, common topics include corneal burns, corneal pigmentation, macular degeneration, cataracts, pterygium, and the need for UV400 sunglasses. While these points are generally correct, two things deserve clarification:<strong>First, the strength of the correlation between ultraviolet radiation and various eye diseases varies.<\/strong>\u2014Some of the evidence is quite consistent, while others are still &quot;possibly related&quot;;<strong>Secondly, the claims that &quot;darker lenses are better for the eyes&quot; and &quot;darker lenses actually absorb more ultraviolet rays&quot; about sunglasses have been re-examined by quantitative research in recent years.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>This article compiles evidence on the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on the eyes, supplementing it with official sun protection recommendations from the Hong Kong Observatory and the Department of Health, the results of the Consumer Council&#039;s tests on sunglasses, and a set of guidelines for choosing sunglasses that can be followed directly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<h2>This article contains<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s1\">1. Ultraviolet radiation damages the eyes: it is cumulative and irreversible.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s2\">II. How does ultraviolet radiation damage the eyes? Five affected areas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s3\">III. Why are snowy areas and beaches particularly dangerous?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s4\">IV. Who are at highest risk?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s5\">V. What is UV400? Understanding the sun protection label on sunglasses.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s6\">VI. How to Choose Sunglasses: Six Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s7\">7. What to do when you don&#039;t have sunglasses?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s8\">8. UV Index and When to Wear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#s9\">9. When to request medical attention?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#faq\">10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:54366\/static-html\/2d37ef650b4a465e\/#ref\">Source of information<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">1. Ultraviolet radiation damages the eyes: it is cumulative and irreversible.<\/h2>\n<p>Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight is invisible electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from approximately 100 to 400 nanometers (nm). It can be classified into three categories based on wavelength:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>UVA (315 to 400 nm)<\/strong>It has the longest wavelength, accounting for the vast majority of ultraviolet radiation on Earth, and has high penetrating power.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UVB (280 to 315 nm)<\/strong>Shorter wavelengths and higher energy are the main wavelengths that cause sunburn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UVC (100 to 280 nm)<\/strong>Ultraviolet light has the shortest wavelength and the highest energy, but it is basically absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the ground (it can be generated by artificial ultraviolet lamps and welding arc light).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When the eyes are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, different parts of the eye work together to block a portion of it: the cornea and conjunctiva primarily absorb UVB, while a relatively large amount of UVA penetrates to the lens inside the eyeball, with only a very small portion reaching the retina. This division of labor also explains why, under prolonged sun exposure...<strong>The most obvious impacts are often on the surface of the eyeball and the lens.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The World Health Organization points out that the acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on the eyes include:<strong>Photokeratitis and photoconjunctivitis<\/strong>Long-term effects include<strong>Cataracts, pterygium, and cancers inside and around the eyes.<\/strong>(Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma), and pointed out that ultraviolet radiation &quot;may also&quot; cause age-related macular degeneration\u2014note that this is &quot;may,&quot; not an established causal relationship, and the strength of the evidence will be explained one by one below.<\/p>\n<p>The booklet &quot;Ultraviolet Radiation Must Be Protected,&quot; jointly compiled by the Department of Health and the Hong Kong Observatory, also reminds readers that moderate sun exposure helps the body produce vitamin D and maintain bone health, but...<strong>Excessive ultraviolet radiation can increase the risk of skin cancer and cataracts.<\/strong>In other words, the problem isn&#039;t &quot;sunbathing,&quot; but rather &quot;excessive&quot; and &quot;lack of protection.&quot;<\/p>\n<div class=\"note\"><strong>Why is sun protection for the eyes often overlooked?<\/strong><br \/>\nUltraviolet rays are invisible and imperceptible. Sunburn on the skin causes pain and redness, reminding you to avoid it; the eyes usually experience no immediate discomfort, but damage has already begun to accumulate. Therefore, eye sun protection must rely on &quot;habit,&quot; not &quot;feeling.&quot;<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">II. How does ultraviolet radiation damage the eyes? Five affected areas<\/h2>\n<p>The following are listed in order of decreasing strength of evidence. It should be noted that:<strong>The association between ultraviolet radiation and these eye diseases is not on the same level.<\/strong>The relationship between photokeratitis, pterygium, and cortical cataract is relatively clear; however, macular degeneration is still under discussion.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Snow blindness (also known as photokeratitis): Acute, reversible, but extremely painful.<\/h3>\n<p>This is the most direct acute injury, equivalent to &quot;sunburn on the cornea.&quot; When the eyes are exposed to a large amount of ultraviolet radiation in a short period of time\u2014such as from reflections from snow or water, welding arc light, ultraviolet disinfection lamps, or tanning beds\u2014the surface of the cornea will be damaged.<\/p>\n<p>Typical symptoms include<strong>Severe pain, excessive tearing, photophobia, blepharospasm (uncontrollable blinking), blurred vision<\/strong>It is worth noting that symptoms are usually...<strong>It won&#039;t appear immediately, but will emerge several hours after exposure.<\/strong>Therefore, injured people often only feel severe pain that night or in the middle of the night. This is often the reason why people experience eye pain and tearing in the middle of the night after outdoor activities.<\/p>\n<p>The World Health Organization&#039;s assessment of these acute effects is as follows:<strong>It is reversible, easily preventable by wearing protective eyewear, and usually does not cause long-term damage, but the process is quite painful.<\/strong>Most cases resolve gradually within a few days. However, since severe eye pain can also be a symptom of other serious eye conditions, it is still advisable to seek medical attention if these symptoms occur so that a doctor can rule out other causes and prescribe pain relief and care.<\/p>\n<p>There are related case records both locally and internationally: studies have reported photokeratitis in participants of outdoor activities near ultraviolet display devices, and there have also been cases of photokeratitis caused by indoor places such as beauty salons and nightclubs (with strong ultraviolet lamps)\u2014that is...<strong>Ultraviolet radiation damage to the eyes is not limited to the outdoors.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. Cataracts: The link between cataracts and ultraviolet radiation is relatively clear.<\/h3>\n<p>Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes chemical changes in the proteins of the lens, gradually reducing its transparency and leading to cataracts. The World Health Organization estimates that...<strong>Globally, approximately 15 million people go blind due to cataracts, and about 10% of these cases may be related to ultraviolet radiation exposure.<\/strong>In another global burden of disease assessment, the WHO...<strong>Cortical cataract (a type of opacity in the lens cortex)<\/strong>The disease burden of approximately 51 TP4T is directly attributable to ultraviolet radiation exposure.<\/p>\n<p>The two numbers seem inconsistent, but that&#039;s because...<strong>Different denominators<\/strong>The former refers to &quot;all cataracts,&quot; while the latter specifically refers to &quot;cortical cataracts most clearly related to prolonged sun exposure.&quot; Estimates from different institutions and in different years generally fall between approximately 5% and 20%. It is important to note that the most significant risk factor for cataracts remains age\u2014ultraviolet radiation is one of the modifiable risk factors, not the only cause.<\/p>\n<p>A long-term French study (the Alienor Study, involving 963 residents aged 73 and older) analyzed the cumulative environmental ultraviolet radiation exposure throughout a person&#039;s lifetime and found a correlation with the risk of cataract surgery, supporting the view that it is &quot;cumulative exposure&quot; rather than &quot;single exposure&quot;.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Pterygium: Ocular surface hyperplasia most directly related to outdoor sun exposure.<\/h3>\n<p>Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy growth of conjunctival tissue extending towards the cornea. It appears as if a piece of flesh is growing on the white of the eye, affecting vision and appearance. In severe cases, it can cover the central cornea, significantly impairing vision. The World Health Organization lists it as one of the long-term effects of ultraviolet radiation.<\/p>\n<p>The global burden of this disease is greater than most people realize. A systematic review and modeling analysis (integrating 103 articles) published in 2026 estimates:<strong>In 2023, the global prevalence of pterygium was approximately 8.221 TP4T, equivalent to about 553 million cases.<\/strong>The prevalence increases with age, with little difference between men and women.<strong>The highest prevalence rate is found in low- and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia (approximately 13,521 TP4T).<\/strong>Studies indicate that this disease can be treated surgically at a low cost, but it has long been neglected in global health strategies.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment<strong>Surgical resection is the primary method.<\/strong>(Currently, excision combined with conjunctival autologous transplantation is often used to reduce the chance of recurrence.) It&#039;s important to note that pterygium...<strong>There is still a possibility of recurrence after surgery.<\/strong>However, continued sun exposure without protection is a significant factor in recurrence\u2014so surgery does not mean you can stop using sunscreen.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Macular degeneration: Evidence is still under discussion; it is not appropriate to write it as establishing causality.<\/h3>\n<p>The macula of the retina is responsible for central vision. If you compare the eye to a camera, the lens is like the lens, the retina is like the film, and the macula is the center of the film. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) primarily impairs central vision: patients will experience\u2026<strong>Slow decline in central vision, distorted vision, blurred central vision, or the appearance of scotoma.<\/strong>Peripheral vision is usually preserved, so complete blindness is generally not possible, but activities that require fine central vision, such as reading, recognizing people, and driving, will be greatly affected.<\/p>\n<p>As for whether ultraviolet radiation causes macular degeneration...<strong>Current research results are inconsistent, so it is not appropriate to write it as a definitive causal relationship.<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Research<\/th>\n<th>design<\/th>\n<th>result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>World Health Organization<\/td>\n<td>Special assessment<\/td>\n<td>Ultraviolet radiation<strong>It is also possible<\/strong>&quot;Causes age-related macular degeneration\u2014a possibility, not listed as an established causal relationship.&quot;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A combined analysis of sunlight exposure and AMD<br \/>\n\uff08<em>BMC Ophthalmology<\/em>\u00a02018)<\/td>\n<td>14 studies,<br \/>\n43,934 people<\/td>\n<td>Merger risk ratio\u00a0<strong>1.10 (95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.23), not statistically significant.<\/strong>Further group analysis also showed no significant difference. The study concludes that &quot;sunlight exposure is likely not associated with an increased risk of AMD.&quot;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alienor Generation Study<br \/>\n\uff08<em>Retina<\/em>\u00a02024)<\/td>\n<td>963 French elderly people,<br \/>\nTracking from 2006 to 2017<\/td>\n<td>Individuals with intermediate-term UV exposure have a higher risk of early-onset AMD (hazard ratio 2.01).<strong>However, the highest exposure group did not rise further; no significant association was found in late-stage AMD.<\/strong>The author states explicitly that &quot;a dose-response relationship between ultraviolet radiation and early-stage AMD cannot be confirmed.&quot;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nationwide Generational Study in China<br \/>\n\uff08<em>Science of the Total Environment<\/em>\u00a02024)<\/td>\n<td>19,707 participants<br \/>\nApproximately 310,000 people were tracked during the monthly period.<\/td>\n<td>High UV exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing AMD (hazard ratio)\u00a0<strong>1.32<\/strong>This is the first reported epidemiological evidence of this association.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>How should we understand these seemingly contradictory results? A more prudent approach is:<strong>Evidence for the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on the eyes is relatively consistent on the surface of the eyeball and in the lens, but its effects on the macula are still not established.<\/strong>However, due to the low cost of protection and clear potential benefits, public health recommendations in various countries still include macular degeneration as a target requiring protection\u2014this is out of &quot;caution&quot; rather than &quot;proof.&quot; Regardless of the cause, changes in the macula often present no obvious symptoms in their early stages, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection in older adults.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e9%95%b7%e8%80%85%e5%ae%9c%e6%af%8f%e5%b9%b4%e9%a9%97%e7%9c%bc%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e9%bb%83%e6%96%91%e7%97%85%e8%ae%8a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elderly people are advised to have their eyes checked annually to prevent macular degeneration.<\/a>A more detailed explanation can be found in another article.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Conjunctival pigmentary disorders (commonly known as &quot;pigmentation&quot;) and intraocular and extraocular tumors<\/h3>\n<p>Prolonged sun exposure can cause pigment cells on the surface of the conjunctiva (white of the eye) to deposit, forming pigment spots commonly known as &quot;ink spots.&quot; The most common medical manifestation is...<strong>Conjunctival nevus<\/strong>The color is mostly black or brown, the size and position are not fixed, most are benign, and have little impact on vision, mainly affecting appearance.<\/p>\n<p>However, there is a key safety point here:<strong>Not all pigmented lesions on the conjunctiva are benign nevi.<\/strong>If the pigmentation is widespread, appears on the conjunctiva, and expands over time, it needs to be treated with [other medical advice\/treatment].<strong>Primary acquired melanosis<\/strong>In rare cases, it can progress to conjunctival melanoma. The World Health Organization has listed &quot;cancers inside and around the eye (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma)&quot; as a long-term effect of ultraviolet radiation; in the WHO&#039;s Global Burden of Disease assessment,<strong>Squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea or conjunctiva has a disease burden of approximately 501 TP4T to 701 TP4T attributed to ultraviolet radiation exposure.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"danger\"><strong>Warning signs of pigmentation spots<\/strong>Any pigmentation spots on the whites of the eyes or eyelids, if they appear<strong>It continues to enlarge, changes color, becomes irregular at the edges, bleeds, or develops ulcers or bumps.<\/strong>You should not try to observe it yourself; you should see an ophthalmologist for examination as soon as possible.<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">III. Why are snowy areas and beaches particularly dangerous?<\/h2>\n<p>Skiing in winter and sunbathing on the beach in summer are popular outdoor activities in Hong Kong, and these two types of venues happen to be environments with particularly strong ultraviolet reflection\u2014because<strong>Reflection is a second layer of exposure that sends ultraviolet rays &quot;from bottom to top&quot; into the eyes.<\/strong>This is the direction that neither a wide-brimmed hat nor an umbrella can block.<\/p>\n<p>The World Health Organization estimates the ultraviolet reflectance of various land surfaces as follows:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ground environment<\/th>\n<th>Ultraviolet reflectance (WHO estimate)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Fresh snow<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Up to approximately 80%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sea foam<\/td>\n<td>Approximately 25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dry sand<\/td>\n<td>Approximately 15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Grassland, soil, still water<\/td>\n<td>Less than 10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Besides reflection, there are two additional factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>altitude<\/strong>The World Health Organization estimates that for every 1,000 meters increase in altitude, the level of ultraviolet radiation increases by approximately 101 TP4T. On the same day, under the same sky, the amount of ultraviolet radiation at a ski resort can be significantly higher than at a beach.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clouds cannot provide protection<\/strong>\u2014While clouds can absorb some ultraviolet radiation,<strong>Even on cloudy days, the UV index may still be high.<\/strong>Thin clouds may even increase ultraviolet radiation due to scattering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Putting these points together makes it clear:<strong>Activities such as skiing, water skiing, swimming, sailing, and fishing can expose the eyes to a much higher dose of ultraviolet radiation than walking in the city.<\/strong>Furthermore, some ultraviolet rays are reflected from the water or snow surface, bypassing the brim of the hat and directly reaching the eyes. Therefore, the coverage and fit of sunglasses are particularly important when engaging in outdoor water or snow activities.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">IV. Who are at highest risk?<\/h2>\n<p>Ultraviolet radiation affects everyone&#039;s eyes, but the following groups have higher levels of exposure or sensitivity:<\/p>\n<h3>Children and adolescents<\/h3>\n<p>The Hong Kong Department of Health&#039;s Student Health Service points out that children are more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation damage than adults because...<strong>Children&#039;s pupils are larger than adults&#039;, allowing more ultraviolet (UV) rays to enter their eyes; and children&#039;s lenses are thinner than adults&#039;, making it easier for UV rays to penetrate and damage the cells and tissues inside the eye.<\/strong>The Consumer Council also cited local ophthalmologists&#039; opinions: children&#039;s eyes have exceptionally clear lenses, making it easier for ultraviolet rays to penetrate and reach the retina.<\/p>\n<p>Because UV damage is irreversible and accumulates over time<strong>Eye protection must start from childhood.<\/strong>The World Health Organization&#039;s recommendations go a step further:<strong>Infants under 12 months should always be kept in a cool place.<\/strong>Infants and young children should not be allowed to sleep in the sun or be exposed to the sun for extended periods of time.<\/p>\n<h3>outdoor workers<\/h3>\n<p>Fishermen, farmers, construction workers, gardeners, lifeguards, and sports coaches, among others, have significantly higher daily cumulative ultraviolet (UV) exposure levels than the average office worker. The World Health Organization points out that outdoor workers who are exposed to UV rays due to their occupation have a higher risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer, and eye protection also requires continuous adherence.<\/p>\n<h3>Other high-risk groups identified by the World Health Organization<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>People with many moles<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>People taking photosensitizing drugs<\/strong>Some medications can make the skin and eyes more sensitive to light.<\/li>\n<li><strong>People with a family history of skin cancer<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"note\"><strong>Even those with dark skin need protection.<\/strong>The World Health Organization clearly states that &quot;preventing eye injuries is important for everyone.&quot; People with darker skin have a lower risk of sunburn, but the eyes (especially the conjunctiva and lens) do not have the same natural barrier.<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">V. What is UV400? Understanding the sun protection label on sunglasses.<\/h2>\n<p>When choosing sunglasses, the first thing to look at is the lenses.<strong>Sunscreen specifications, not color or price.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Marking<\/th>\n<th>mean<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>UV400<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lenses can block wavelengths\u00a0<strong>Below 400 nanometers<\/strong>This refers to ultraviolet radiation, encompassing both UVB and UVA wavelengths. The World Health Organization recommends wearing protective clothing that provides adequate protection.\u00a0<strong>99% to 100% offer protection against both UVA and UVB rays.<\/strong>Sunglasses, specifically those labeled &quot;UV400&quot;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>100% UV Protection<\/td>\n<td>The meaning is similar to UV400. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that lenses should block 100% UVA and UVB, that is, filter all ultraviolet rays (wavelength range of 280 to 400 nanometers).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dark lenses<\/td>\n<td><strong>This does not constitute any guarantee of sun protection.<\/strong>The depth of the lens is not directly related to its effectiveness in blocking ultraviolet rays.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"note\"><strong>A detail that is easy to misspell<\/strong>Sometimes &quot;UV400&quot; is mistakenly written as &quot;UV100%&quot;. The currently accepted international designation, used by the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Ophthalmology, is...\u00a0<strong>UV400<\/strong>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0<strong>100% UV Protection (99% to 100% protects against UVA and UVB)<\/strong>&quot;UV100%&quot; is not a standard label term. When purchasing, you should check whether the lens indicates UV400 or 100% UV protection.<\/div>\n<p>The price is also worth noting. The World Health Organization states:<strong>It&#039;s impossible to determine how much UV protection a pair of sunglasses can block based on lens color, darkness, or price.<\/strong>The Consumer Council&#039;s tests also found that the overall performance of sunglasses was related to their price.<strong>No direct relationship<\/strong>In other words, expensive doesn&#039;t guarantee better sun protection, and cheap doesn&#039;t necessarily mean ineffective\u2014the key is the labeling and actual testing.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">VI. How to Choose Sunglasses: Six Guidelines<\/h2>\n<h3>Rule 1: First check the UV400\/100% UV protection label.<\/h3>\n<p>This is the only non-negotiable point. If the label is unclear or not indicated, you can ask an optician to use instruments to test the degree to which the lenses block ultraviolet rays.<\/p>\n<h3>Rule 2: Lens tint \u2260 UV protection ability<\/h3>\n<p>This is a common misconception among consumers, and a point repeatedly clarified by public health agencies worldwide. Dark lenses simply reduce the brightness of visible light.<strong>It has nothing to do with the ability to block ultraviolet rays.<\/strong>Therefore, &quot;buying a pair of dark sunglasses without sun protection markings&quot; is no safer than &quot;not wearing them at all.&quot;<\/p>\n<h3>Rule 3: &quot;Dark lenses dilate the pupils, thus absorbing more ultraviolet rays&quot;\u2014this claim needs to be revised.<\/h3>\n<p>This is the most widely circulated warning: Dark lenses darken the light \u2192 pupils naturally dilate \u2192 if the lenses do not provide sufficient sun protection, the eyes will absorb more ultraviolet rays, causing more serious damage.<\/p>\n<p>This reasoning sounds reasonable, and it has been consistently written this way in the media and some professional literature, but...<strong>It has not been quantitatively verified for a long time.<\/strong>A study published in 2024, based on actual measurements...\u00a0<strong>214 pairs of sunglasses lenses<\/strong>The research filled this gap, and the conclusion was quite clear:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pupil dilation plays a minor role in allowing ultraviolet light to enter the eye.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>The real key factor is the &quot;field of view,&quot; which refers to the extent and angle of the lens&#039;s occlusion; its influence can exceed that of the pupil size, reaching 314%.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The study therefore points out:<strong>Only when the UVA protection of the lenses is below 86% is there a chance of slightly increasing eye damage compared to not wearing sunglasses at all.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The practical significance of this result is actually simpler and more useful than the original explanation:<strong>Instead of worrying about the darkness of the lens color, make sure the lens is really labeled UV400 and choose a style that provides sufficient coverage and fits snugly against the skin.<\/strong>The practical advice that &quot;non-compliant sunglasses offer no protection&quot; still holds true \u2013 the Consumer Council tested 12 children&#039;s sunglasses, one of which failed to block all ultraviolet rays; market surveys in various regions have also frequently found products that do not meet the stated protection level.<\/p>\n<h3>Rule 4: Coverage and wraparound design are more important than lens size.<\/h3>\n<p>Since field of view is key, when choosing glasses, you should consider &quot;how much the lens covers.&quot; The World Health Organization recommends choosing...<strong>Wraparound sunglasses<\/strong>This refers to lenses that extend to both sides to cover the area around the eyes; the U.S. Food and Drug Administration also points out that wearing lenses that block ultraviolet rays...<strong>Cover-up sunglasses with a wide-brimmed hat<\/strong>This is an effective way to protect your eyes from UV damage.<\/p>\n<p>The Consumer Council&#039;s buying tips also emphasize that frames should fit the shape of the face and the size of the head.<strong>The lenses should completely cover the area of the eye and fit as close to the face as possible.<\/strong>Consider larger frames or cover-up styles that completely cover the eyes and the skin around the eyes.<strong>Limit sunlight from entering the eyes from above, below, and sides.<\/strong>When engaging in activities on snow or water, the light reflects off from below, making this design difference particularly noticeable.<\/p>\n<h3>Rule 5: Polarized lenses reduce glare, but do not necessarily protect against UV rays.<\/h3>\n<p>The function of polarized lenses is<strong>Eliminate glare reflected from smooth surfaces such as water, snow, and roads.<\/strong>It provides a clearer view and greater eye comfort, making it quite practical for driving, fishing, skiing, and water sports.<\/p>\n<p>But remember this clearly:<strong>Polarizing and UV protection are two separate things.<\/strong>A pair of polarized sunglasses may offer no sun protection whatsoever; when purchasing, it&#039;s still essential to check for the UV400 rating. Additionally, polarized lenses may interfere with viewing electronic screens or certain instruments, making them unsuitable for everyday indoor use. Screen light and outdoor UV radiation are actually two separate issues\u2014you can refer to [link\/reference] if interested.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e9%95%b7%e6%99%82%e9%96%93%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e9%81%8e%e6%bf%be%e8%97%8d%e5%85%89%e7%94%a2%e5%93%81%e6%9c%83%e6%90%8d%e5%82%b7%e7%9c%bc%e7%9d%9b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prolonged use of blue light filtering products can damage the eyes.<\/a>\u8207<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e6%97%a5%e7%9d%87%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e5%b1%8f%e9%80%be8%e5%b0%8f%e6%99%82%ef%bc%8c%e6%82%a3%e5%9a%b4%e9%87%8d%e4%b9%be%e7%9c%bc%e7%97%87%e5%b9%be%e7%8e%87%e5%a2%9e14\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dry eye syndrome and prolonged screen time<\/a>Two articles.<\/p>\n<h3>Rule 6: Choose lens color according to intended use; neutral colors are preferred for everyday wear.<\/h3>\n<p>Assuming adequate sun protection, lens color primarily affects visual perception rather than actual protective efficacy. It is generally recommended to use [lens color].<strong>Gray, brown and green<\/strong>Primarily, these colors can filter different wavelengths of light more evenly, reducing color difference and having less impact on visual judgment. Bright red and blue lenses can alter the colors of objects, affecting color perception, and may also cause eye fatigue if worn for extended periods.<\/p>\n<p>As for people with vision problems such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, they should wear [wearing\/wearing]<strong>Prescription sunglasses<\/strong>It is recommended that you have your glasses fitted by an optometrist, rather than simply placing ordinary sunglasses on your glasses. For children, in addition to the above guidelines, it is advisable to take them to an optician to try on glasses in person to ensure that the frames are lightweight, fit snugly, and are not easily deformed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">7. What to do when you don&#039;t have sunglasses?<\/h2>\n<p>Sunglasses are a primary tool for protecting the eyes from the sun, but not the only method. The Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection and the Hong Kong Observatory recommend the following sun protection measures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wearing a wide-brimmed hat<\/strong>(Styles that can cover the back of the neck) or use an umbrella<\/li>\n<li><strong>Choose a shaded area<\/strong>And try to avoid the midday hour.<\/li>\n<li>Wearing long-sleeved and loose clothing<\/li>\n<li>Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to exposed skin, and reapply every two hours when outdoors for extended periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, one limitation must be understood:<strong>Hats and umbrellas primarily block direct sunlight from above, but they cannot block ultraviolet rays reflected from snow, sand, water, or roads.<\/strong>Therefore, when engaging in snow and water activities, a hat and umbrella alone are not enough; sunglasses are essential.<\/p>\n<p>Besides outdoor sun protection, there are other aspects of daily eye care that deserve attention, which you can refer to.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/6%e5%80%8b%e8%ad%b7%e7%9c%bc%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6 ways to protect your eyes: Daily strategies for dealing with prolonged screen time, dry eyes, and vision deterioration<\/a>\u8207<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/5-eye-care-practices-for-every-family\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Five basic rules for family eye care<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"note\"><strong>Balancing outdoor activities and myopia<\/strong>Local ophthalmologists&#039; opinions indicate that<strong>Normal sunlight is beneficial for eye development and helps prevent myopia.<\/strong>Furthermore, a meta-analysis of multiple randomized controlled trials also supports the idea that &quot;increasing outdoor time&quot; helps delay the onset of myopia. Therefore, the recommendation in this article is not &quot;avoid going out,&quot; but rather...<strong>Protect your eyes when going out<\/strong>The two are not contradictory.<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">8. UV Index and When to Wear<\/h2>\n<p>The Hong Kong Observatory uses the World Health Organization&#039;s Ultraviolet Index (UV Index) and corresponding exposure levels. A higher index means a greater chance of damage to the skin and eyes. In Hong Kong&#039;s summer, the UV Index can typically rise above 10 on sunny days.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>UV index<\/th>\n<th>Exposure level<\/th>\n<th>Recommendations (excerpt from Observatory recommendations)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0 to 2<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>No special protective measures are required.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3 to 5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td>When engaging in outdoor activities around midday, choose shady spots; wear long-sleeved, loose-fitting clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and use an umbrella.<strong>Wear sunglasses that block ultraviolet rays<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6 to 7<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Avoid sun exposure during midday; if outdoors, stay in a shaded area; take all the above precautions (including wearing sunglasses that block UV rays).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8 to 10<\/td>\n<td>Very high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11 or above<\/td>\n<td>Extremely high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>There are two key points:<strong>First, starting from the &quot;medium&quot; level (index 3 to 5), the Observatory has recommended wearing sunglasses.<\/strong>\u2014No need to wait until it is &quot;extremely high&quot;;<strong>Second, overcast skies do not equate to safety.<\/strong>The Centre for Health Protection reminds the public that even on cloudy days, the UV index may be high. Therefore, paying attention to the latest UV index and forecasts is much more reliable than relying on the weather.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">9. When to request medical attention?<\/h2>\n<h3>Acute symptoms: severe eye pain, excessive tearing, photophobia<\/h3>\n<p>If in<strong>Snow, water, welding, ultraviolet disinfection lamps or sun drying beds<\/strong>If severe eye pain, excessive tearing, photophobia, uncontrollable eyelid twitching, and blurred vision occur within hours of exposure, it may be photokeratitis. While most cases resolve on their own, the severe eye pain could also indicate other serious eye conditions (such as...).<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e8%b6%b4%e7%9d%a1%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e5%b0%8e%e8%87%b4%e7%9c%bc%e5%a3%93%e9%ab%98\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acute angle-closure glaucoma<\/a>Symptoms of corneal infection<strong>Seek medical attention as soon as possible<\/strong>Do not treat with over-the-counter eye drops yourself. In Hong Kong, for emergencies, please call [phone number].\u00a0<strong>999<\/strong>\u00a0Or go to the emergency room.<\/p>\n<h3>Chronic symptoms: changes in vision and new tissue formation in the eye<\/h3>\n<p>An eye exam should be scheduled if any of the following conditions occur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Slow decline in central vision, distorted vision<\/strong>Blurred or dark spots appear in the center of the image (macular-related symptoms).<\/li>\n<li>Blurred vision, light sensitivity, seeing halos around lights at night<\/li>\n<li><strong>The whites of the eyes are showing signs of pterygium growth.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Pigmentation spots on the whites of the eyes or eyelids<strong>Enlargement, discoloration, irregular edges, bleeding, or ulceration<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The general recommendation from the local ophthalmology community is:<strong>People aged 40 and over should have their first comprehensive eye exam, followed by a follow-up exam every 1 to 2 years.<\/strong>People with a family history of UV damage or those who work outdoors should start earlier. The value of regular checkups lies in the fact that changes caused by accumulated UV radiation often have no noticeable symptoms in the early stages, and can only be identified through checkups.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<h3>Does wearing sunglasses affect vitamin D synthesis?<\/h3>\n<p>The impact is minimal. Vitamin D is primarily synthesized through skin contact with ultraviolet rays. Sunglasses only cover the eyes and do not affect the skin&#039;s surface area exposed to sunlight. Moderate sun exposure is beneficial for bone health; what needs adjustment is the &quot;time and method&quot;\u2014avoiding midday sun and protecting the skin and eyes, rather than completely avoiding sun exposure.<\/p>\n<h3>Does darker lens tint mean better UV protection?<\/h3>\n<p>No. The darkness or lightness of the lens color only affects the brightness of visible light and has no direct relationship with the ability to block ultraviolet (UV) rays. The World Health Organization has clearly stated that you cannot determine how much UV radiation sunglasses block based on lens color, darkness, or price. When purchasing sunglasses, you should pay attention to the lens color.\u00a0<strong>UV400<\/strong>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0<strong>100% UV Protection<\/strong>Marking.<\/p>\n<h3>Will dark lenses cause the pupils to dilate, thus absorbing more ultraviolet rays?<\/h3>\n<p>This claim has been revised by quantitative research in recent years. A study that measured 214 pairs of sunglasses lenses found that...<strong>The effect of pupil dilation is not important; the real key is the range of vision blocked by the lens (field of view), which can have an impact exceeding pupil size by up to 314%.<\/strong>Studies indicate that only when the UVA protection of the lenses is below 86% is there a slight increase in eye harm compared to not wearing lenses. In practice, instead of worrying about the darkness of the tint, it&#039;s better to ensure that the lenses are labeled UV400 and choose a style with sufficient coverage and a close fit.<\/p>\n<h3>Do inexpensive sunglasses necessarily not offer UV protection?<\/h3>\n<p>Not necessarily. The World Health Organization points out that most sunglasses on the market can filter a significant proportion of ultraviolet (UV) rays; consumer council tests have also found that the overall performance of sunglasses is not directly related to their price. The key is not the price, but whether the lenses achieve UV400\/100% UV protection and the actual degree to which they block UV rays.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I need to wear sunglasses on cloudy days or in winter?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Clouds can only absorb some ultraviolet (UV) radiation, so even on a cloudy day, the UV index may still be high; thin clouds may even increase UV radiation due to scattering. Activities in snow during winter are even more risky, as fresh snow can reflect up to approximately 801 TP4T of UV radiation.<\/p>\n<h3>Can children wear sunglasses? At what age can they start?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, and it&#039;s even more necessary. Children&#039;s pupils are larger and their lenses are thinner than adults&#039;, making it easier for ultraviolet rays to penetrate and reach the retina. Since UV damage accumulates, eye protection should begin from a young age. The World Health Organization recommends that infants under 12 months should always be kept in the shade; older children should wear properly fitting sunglasses and hats when outdoors. When purchasing sunglasses, it&#039;s advisable to have your child try them on to ensure the frames fit snugly, are lightweight, and don&#039;t easily deform.<\/p>\n<h3>Is there a difference between UV400 and &quot;100% UV Protection&quot;?<\/h3>\n<p>Both have similar meanings. UV400 indicates that the lens can block ultraviolet rays with wavelengths below 400 nanometers (covering the entire UVA and UVB bands); the statement &quot;100% UV protection&quot; also refers to blocking all UVA and UVB. The World Health Organization recommends the term &quot;provides 99% to 100% of UVA and UVB protection.&quot; It should be noted that &quot;UV100%&quot; is not a standard labeling term.<\/p>\n<h3>Can polarized lenses protect against ultraviolet rays?<\/h3>\n<p>Polarization and UV protection are two separate things. Polarized lenses are designed to eliminate glare from water, snow, and road surfaces, making vision clearer and more comfortable, but this does not mean they offer sun protection. When purchasing polarized lenses, make sure the lenses are labeled with UV400 or 100% UV protection.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I need to wear sunglasses if I wear contact lenses?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Some contact lenses offer UV protection, but these lenses only cover a small portion of the central cornea.<strong>It cannot protect the whites of the eyes (conjunctiva), eyelids, and skin around the eyes.<\/strong>\u2014The conjunctiva and periocular area are common sites for ultraviolet-related diseases (pterygium, pigmented lesions, eyelid skin cancer). Therefore, contact lenses cannot replace sunglasses.<\/p>\n<h3>My eyes hurt and water after being exposed to bright light. What should I do?<\/h3>\n<p>First, move away from the source of ultraviolet radiation (snow, water, UV lamps, welding environment) to avoid further exposure; do not rub your eyes; you can close your eyes and rest.<strong>Since severe eye pain can also be a symptom of other serious eye conditions, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.<\/strong>A doctor will examine the cornea and prescribe appropriate pain relief and care. In Hong Kong, for emergencies, call 999 or go to the emergency room. Do not use over-the-counter eye drops for extended periods without medical advice.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ref\">Source of information<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Department of Health Student Health Service, &quot;Rainbow Bridge&quot; Issue 48 \u2013 &quot;Ultraviolet Rays and the Eyes&quot;:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.studenthealth.gov.hk\/tc_chi\/newsletters\/newsletter_48.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.studenthealth.gov.hk\/tc_chi\/newsletters\/newsletter_48.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization Special Report on Ultraviolet Radiation:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/zh\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ultraviolet-radiation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/zh\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ultraviolet-radiation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization Q&amp;A on Protecting Yourself from Skin Cancer (including sections on eye protection and sunglasses):<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/radiation-protecting-against-skin-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/radiation-protecting-against-skin-cancer<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Centre for Health Protection: Ultraviolet Radiation Protection is Essential<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/tc\/static\/90063.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/tc\/static\/90063.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hong Kong Observatory &lt;Ultraviolet Information&gt; (UV Index Classification and Corresponding Sun Protection Measures):<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hko.gov.hk\/tc\/wxinfo\/uvinfo\/uvinfo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hko.gov.hk\/tc\/wxinfo\/uvinfo\/uvinfo.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Department of Health and the Hong Kong Observatory jointly compiled a booklet titled &quot;Ultraviolet Radiation Must Be Protected From&quot;:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hko.gov.hk\/tc\/publica\/gen_pub\/files\/uv_c.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hko.gov.hk\/tc\/publica\/gen_pub\/files\/uv_c.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Consumer Council: &quot;Prices of Children&#039;s Sunglasses Don&#039;t Guarantee Eye Protection; Learn the Key Factors&quot; (Buying Tips):<a href=\"https:\/\/www.consumer.org.hk\/tc\/article\/549-sunglasses-for-children\/549-sunglasses-for-children-tips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.consumer.org.hk\/tc\/article\/549-sunglasses-for-children\/549-sunglasses-for-children-tips<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization, Global Disease Burden from Solar Ultraviolet Radiation (Attribution of Various Diseases and Eye Diseases to Ultraviolet Radiation): WHO Ultraviolet Radiation Topic<\/li>\n<li>A quantitative study of solar ultraviolet radiation entering the eye (field of vision and pupil dilation, measured with 214 lenses):<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38503785\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 38503785<\/a>\uff08<em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, (2024)<\/li>\n<li>A meta-analysis of sun exposure and age-related macular degeneration:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30572865\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 30572865<\/a>\uff08<em>BMC Ophthalmology<\/em>, (2018)<\/li>\n<li>Lifelong environmental ultraviolet radiation exposure and age-related macular degeneration (Alienor study):<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38117581\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 38117581<\/a>\uff08<em>Retina<\/em>, (2024)<\/li>\n<li>A nationwide generational study of ultraviolet radiation exposure and age-related macular degeneration (China):<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38810762\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 38810762<\/a>\uff08<em>Science of the Total Environment<\/em>, (2024)<\/li>\n<li>A systematic review and modeling analysis of the global prevalence of pterygium in 2023:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42466630\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 42466630<\/a>\uff08<em>Journal of Global Health<\/em>, (2026)<\/li>\n<li>8-year changes in conjunctival ultraviolet spontaneous fluorescence (CUVAF) area due to sunglasses use:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34815236\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 34815236<\/a>\uff08<em>British Journal of Ophthalmology<\/em>, (2023)<\/li>\n<li>American Optometry Society Technical Report: &quot;Sunglasses for Solar Ultraviolet Protection&quot;:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31274741\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 31274741<\/a>\uff08<em>Optometry and Vision Science<\/em>, (2019)<\/li>\n<li>Outdoor UV display installations and a case report of photokeratitis:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38696206\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 38696206<\/a>\uff08<em>JAMA Ophthalmology<\/em>, (2024)<\/li>\n<li>Ultraviolet Lights in Beauty Salons and Photokeratitis (Retrospective Observational Study):<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40666762\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 40666762<\/a>\uff08<em>Oman Journal of Ophthalmology<\/em>, (2025)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"disclaimer\"><strong>Health Declaration<\/strong>This article is for health information sharing and should not replace diagnosis and treatment by an ophthalmologist or other medical professionals. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on the eyes vary from person to person, and the conclusions of different studies may differ; the data and suggestions in this article are for reference only and should not be used as a basis for self-diagnosis or delaying medical treatment. If you experience eye discomfort, changes in vision, or any eye abnormalities, please seek medical attention as soon as possible. In Hong Kong, in case of emergency, please call 999 or go to the emergency room.<br \/>\nThe data in this article was compiled in October 2026.<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u808c\u819a\u8870\u8001\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u51fa\u9580\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5857\u9632\u66ec\uff1b\u4f46\u540c\u4e00\u7247\u967d\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u5230\u773c\u775b\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u537b\u6beb\u7121\u9632\u5099\u3002\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u5c0d\u773c\u775b\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e0d\u50cf 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