{"id":128439,"date":"2025-09-02T14:22:22","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T06:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/?p=128439"},"modified":"2026-11-07T18:53:07","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T10:53:07","slug":"blog-%e9%ab%98%e6%ba%ab%e5%a4%a9%e6%b0%a3%e4%b8%8d%e6%ad%a2%e4%b8%ad%e6%9a%91%ef%bc%8c%e6%9b%b4%e8%a6%81%e8%ad%a6%e6%83%95%e5%bf%83%e8%a1%80%e7%ae%a1%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e9%ab%98%e6%ba%ab%e5%a4%a9%e6%b0%a3%e4%b8%8d%e6%ad%a2%e4%b8%ad%e6%9a%91%ef%bc%8c%e6%9b%b4%e8%a6%81%e8%ad%a6%e6%83%95%e5%bf%83%e8%a1%80%e7%ae%a1%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa","title":{"rendered":"High Temperatures and Cardiovascular Risks: How to Differentiate Between Myocardial Infarction and Heatstroke? Hong Kong Summer Heart Health Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Every summer, the most common warning we hear is &quot;Beware of heatstroke.&quot; But for people with a history of high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease, what they really need to be wary of is often not heatstroke itself, but rather...<strong>The extra burden on the heart caused by high temperature<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Chest tightness, chest pain, palpitations, difficulty breathing, nausea, cold sweats, dizziness\u2014these symptoms are easily mistaken for &quot;feeling unwell from the heat&quot; in hot weather, thus delaying treatment. In fact,<strong>Extreme heat is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction.<\/strong>This point has been quite consistent in recent years&#039; research.<\/p>\n<p>This article is rewritten based on official data from the Centre for Health Protection of the Department of Health, the Hong Kong Observatory, and the Department of Health&#039;s health statistics, and adds several key pieces of information not mentioned in the original manuscript:<strong>Hong Kong&#039;s local death and heatstroke hospitalization figures, Hong Kong&#039;s extreme heat warning system, the limitations of fans in extreme heat, and precautions for those taking cardiovascular medications.<\/strong>All external studies have been reviewed against the original literature.<\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<h2>This article contains<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s1\">Why does high temperature increase the burden on the heart?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s2\">II. How to distinguish between the symptoms of myocardial infarction and heatstroke?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s3\">III. The actual situation in Hong Kong: How does heart disease rank as the leading cause of death in Hong Kong?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s4\">IV. Who are considered high-risk individuals?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s5\">V. Hong Kong&#039;s official measures for high-temperature protection<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s6\">VI. Hydration and Diet: Portions and Preparation Methods<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s7\">7. People who are taking cardiovascular medications should pay special attention.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s8\">8. What should I do if I experience suspected symptoms?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s9\">IX. Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50739\/static-html\/8e55a728d87a107b\/#s10\">10. Sources of Information<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">Why does high temperature increase the burden on the heart?<\/h2>\n<p>To state the conclusion first:<strong>High temperatures increase both the workload on the heart and resistance to blood circulation, posing a real risk to people with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.<\/strong>The mechanism has roughly three layers.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Heat dissipation relies on the heart working overtime.<\/h3>\n<p>When the weather is hot, the body dilates the blood vessels on the skin&#039;s surface, sending blood to the skin to dissipate heat, and also cools down through sweating and evaporation. This process requires the heart to pump more blood.<strong>Heart rate will increase, and the workload on the heart will rise accordingly.<\/strong>For people with already weak heart function (such as patients with heart failure), this &quot;extra work&quot; may not be manageable.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Sweating causes water loss, making the blood thicker.<\/h3>\n<p>In summer, we sweat a lot, and if we don&#039;t replenish our fluids adequately, our bodies will become dehydrated to varying degrees. This leads to a decrease in the amount of water in the blood.<strong>Increased viscosity and increased circulation resistance<\/strong>Dehydration requires the heart to work harder to pump blood; at the same time, a faster heartbeat increases the risk of arrhythmia or worsening heart failure. The burden of dehydration on the cardiovascular system has been discussed in biometeorology research.<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25344017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 25344017<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. Epidemiological studies: Heat waves are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction.<\/h3>\n<p>Multiple meta-analyses have shown a consistent association between extreme heat and cardiovascular events:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A meta-analysis of 23 studies found that,<strong>The risk of death from myocardial infarction during a heat wave is approximately 1.64 times higher than during a non-heat wave period.<\/strong>(Relative risk 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.087 to 2.470); For every 1\u00b0C increase in temperature, the relative risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction is 1.016.<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30029319\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 30029319<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>A meta-analysis cited in a 2024 review published in the *New England Journal of Medicine* showed that comparing heatwave days with non-heatwave days...<strong>The risk of death from cardiovascular disease is 1.12 times higher.<\/strong>(95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.14); For every 1\u00b0C increase in temperature, the risk of death from cardiovascular disease increases by approximately [missing value].\u00a0<strong>21%<\/strong>The risk of death from myocardial infarction is...\u00a0<strong>1.64 times<\/strong>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38749034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 38749034<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Another systematic review points out that different studies have defined &quot;heat waves&quot; in as many as 21 combinations.<strong>Different definitions will affect the magnitude of risk estimation.<\/strong>Readers should not take a single number as a definitive conclusion.<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37908198\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 37908198<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"note\">\n<p><strong>How should we interpret these numbers?<\/strong>Most of the above studies are observational studies, showing that &quot;cardiovascular events are more frequent when temperatures are high.&quot;<strong>Related<\/strong>This does not directly prove causality, nor does it mean that individual risk will increase proportionally. At the same time, it&#039;s important to note that...<strong>Cold weather can also increase cardiovascular risk.<\/strong>The same meta-analysis also found that for every 1\u00b0C drop in temperature, the risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction slightly increases. Therefore, the key point is not &quot;only summer is dangerous,&quot; but rather...<strong>Extreme temperature changes are a source of stress for the heart.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Basic daily heart care techniques are compiled elsewhere on this website for your reference.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/follow-these-6-tips-to-keep-a-healthy-heart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Six Tips for a Healthy Heart: From Exercise and Quitting Smoking to a Heart-Healthy Diet<\/a>If you already have blood pressure problems, management of summer blood pressure fluctuations can be found separately.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e9%85%b7%e7%86%b1%e5%a4%a9%e6%b0%a3%e9%98%b2%e8%a1%80%e5%a3%93%e6%b3%a2%e5%8b%95\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preventing Blood Pressure Fluctuations in Hot Weather<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">II. How to distinguish between the symptoms of myocardial infarction and heatstroke?<\/h2>\n<p>Both can cause dizziness, sweating, and discomfort, but they are completely different in nature:<strong>Myocardial infarction is caused by ischemia due to blockage of blood vessels in the heart; heatstroke is caused by systemic heat damage due to failure of body temperature regulation.<\/strong>Distinguish clearly, so you don&#039;t mistake a heart attack warning sign for &quot;just being hot&quot;.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>project<\/th>\n<th>Myocardial infarction<\/th>\n<th>Heatstroke\/Heat Exhaustion<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>core properties<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Coronary artery blockage, myocardial ischemia<\/td>\n<td>The body&#039;s inability to dissipate heat constitutes systemic heat injury.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Typical symptoms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Significant chest tightness, chest pain (often with a feeling of pressure), cold sweats, nausea, difficulty breathing, and palpitations.<\/td>\n<td>Dizziness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, general weakness, muscle spasms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Possible atypical manifestations<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Shortness of breath, fatigue, back pain, upper abdominal discomfort, jaw or left arm pain (more common in women, the elderly and diabetics).<\/td>\n<td>After sweating profusely, the skin becomes dry and the body temperature rises.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>body temperature<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Normal<\/td>\n<td>Body temperature can rise during heat exhaustion; it generally exceeds 40\u00b0C during heatstroke.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Inducing background<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>There may be no obvious cause; high temperature, dehydration, and strenuous activity can all be causes.<\/td>\n<td>Usually there are<strong>Prolonged exposure to high temperature environment<\/strong>The patient&#039;s medical history is relatively easy to trace.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Serious consequences<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Heart damage can be fatal if treatment is delayed.<\/td>\n<td>It can cause generalized convulsions and loss of consciousness; if not treated promptly with cooling and first aid, it can be life-threatening.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The symptoms and severity of heatstroke and heat exhaustion described above are consistent with the description in the Centre for Health Protection&#039;s &quot;Preventing Heatstroke in the Hot Summer&quot;.<a href=\"https:\/\/chp.gov.hk\/tc\/static\/90064.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centre for Health Protection<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"danger\">\n<p><strong>Most importantly: the two can happen simultaneously.<\/strong>In high-temperature environments, dehydration is both a cause of heatstroke and a trigger for myocardial infarction. Therefore<strong>Don&#039;t rule out heart problems just because you feel hot, and don&#039;t rule out a heart attack just because you don&#039;t have chest pain.<\/strong>When symptoms cannot be determined to belong to which side, one should...<strong>Treat it as a heart problem and seek immediate medical attention.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">III. The actual situation in Hong Kong: How does heart disease rank as the leading cause of death in Hong Kong?<\/h2>\n<p>The original text cites statistics from Taiwan, where heart disease has long been the second leading cause of death. The disease burden distribution in Hong Kong is different; the following are the actual figures for Hong Kong.<\/p>\n<h3>Heart disease and stroke: the third and fourth leading causes of death in Hong Kong<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>project<\/th>\n<th>Numbers (2024)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Heart disease death registration cases<\/td>\n<td><strong>6,591 cases<\/strong>Common fatal diseases in Hong Kong<strong>Third place<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) death registration cases<\/td>\n<td><strong>2,911 cases<\/strong>, reside<strong>Fourth place<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cardiovascular disease-related death registration cases<\/td>\n<td>\u903e\u00a0<strong>10,000 cases<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Age-standardized mortality rate of cardiovascular disease<\/td>\n<td>From 2004 per 100,000 standard population\u00a0<strong>97.7<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced to 2024\u00a0<strong>48.1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>The rate of heart disease diagnosed by Western medicine (community residents)<\/td>\n<td>From 2009\u201310\u00a0<strong>2.0%<\/strong>\u00a0Rising to the 2022\u201323 fiscal year\u00a0<strong>2.4%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>It is worth noting that although the prevalence rate has increased slightly, cardiovascular disease in Hong Kong...<strong>Age-standardized mortality rates have fallen by more than half in the past two decades.<\/strong>The proportion of individuals aged 40 to 74 who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease in the next ten years also decreased from 19.8% in 2014 (\u201315) to 14.7% in 2020 (\u201322).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/files\/pdf\/ncd_watch_sep_2025_tc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centre for Health Protection&#039;s &quot;Non-Communicable Disease News Report&quot; September 2025<\/a>This reflects advancements in treatment and risk management, but also means...<strong>We must continue to do a good job in daily prevention.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Hong Kong&#039;s death data can be found in the Department of Health.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthyhk.gov.hk\/phisweb\/zh\/chart_detail\/22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Statistics page for &quot;Deadly Disease&quot;<\/a>Consult.<\/p>\n<h3>Heatstroke: There are approximately 200 hospitalizations in Hong Kong each year.<\/h3>\n<p>The Centre for Health Protection pointed out that<strong>Over the past five years, Hong Kong has seen more than 200 cases of hospitalization due to heatstroke each year, with approximately two to five deaths annually.<\/strong>And concentrated in the summer months from May to September (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/tc\/media\/116\/110205.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Health press release<\/a>Although the numbers are not huge, heatstroke is preventable, and the consequences can be severe for high-risk individuals once it occurs.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">IV. Who are considered high-risk individuals?<\/h2>\n<p>The Centre for Health Protection specifically named the following groups as being more susceptible to the effects of high temperatures (<a href=\"https:\/\/chp.gov.hk\/tc\/static\/90064.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beware of heatstroke in the hot summer<\/a>\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chronic disease patients<\/strong>Especially for patients with heart disease or high blood pressure\u2014high temperatures can worsen cardiovascular and respiratory conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senior citizens<\/strong>(The body&#039;s ability to regulate temperature and the sensation of thirst decline with age.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pregnant women<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Infants and toddlers<\/strong>(Never leave them alone in a car or other enclosed space.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Overweight people<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Outdoor workers and manual laborers<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At the cardiovascular level, the study further points out<strong>Men, individuals aged 65 and older, and those with pre-existing ischemic heart disease or a history of myocardial infarction are not eligible.<\/strong>The risks are most prominent under extreme high temperatures.<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37908198\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 37908198<\/a>Recent meta-analyses have also found gender differences in the effects of high temperatures on cardiovascular outcomes.<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40221760\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 40221760<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>also,<strong>The &quot;three highs&quot; (hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia), obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and unhealthy diet.<\/strong>High temperatures are already a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease; high temperatures mainly amplify these existing risks rather than being an independent new cause.<\/p>\n<p>If you have elderly family members who require care, you can refer to the key points of daily care on this website.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/curbing-cardiovascular-heart-risk-in-older-adults\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;Cardiac Care for Seniors: Managing Cardiovascular Risks and Heart-Healthy Habits&gt;<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">V. Hong Kong&#039;s official measures for high-temperature protection<\/h2>\n<h3>First, understand the observatory&#039;s warning system.<\/h3>\n<p>The Hong Kong Observatory has a hot weather advisory and warning mechanism, which the public should pay attention to and comply with.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hko.gov.hk\/tc\/education\/weather\/hot-and-cold-weather\/00706-Beware-of-Health-Effects-of-Extremely-Hot-Weather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Observatory: Beware of the health effects of extreme heat.<\/a>\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tips\/Warnings<\/th>\n<th>Issuance conditions<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Special reminder for hot weather<\/td>\n<td>When high temperature, high humidity or weak wind are expected<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Extreme heat warning<\/td>\n<td>Hong Kong is expected to be affected by the hot weather.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Special reminder: &quot;High temperatures continue&quot;<\/td>\n<td>Several days of scorching weather or hot nights<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Special Notice Regarding &quot;Extreme Heat Weather&quot;<\/td>\n<td>Temperatures have reached or are expected to reach generally high levels.\u00a0<strong>35.0\u00b0C or above<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hong Kong Heat Index<\/td>\n<td>Taking into account temperature, humidity, airflow, and solar thermal radiation, the Kingsbury Index reached [value missing].\u00a0<strong>Around 30 or above<\/strong>Heatstroke prevention measures should be taken.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Reference definition:<strong>Hot weather<\/strong>This refers to a day when the highest temperature reaches 33.0\u00b0C or above;<strong>hot night<\/strong>This refers to a minimum temperature of 28.0\u00b0C or above on that day;<strong>Extreme heat weather<\/strong>This refers to a day&#039;s high temperature reaching 35.0\u00b0C or above. Strenuous exercise should be avoided in extremely hot weather.<\/p>\n<h3>High-temperature protection measures at the Centre for Health Protection<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Replenish water as needed<\/strong>To prevent dehydration<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wear light-colored, loose-fitting, and breathable clothing.<\/strong>Reduce heat absorption and facilitate sweating and heat dissipation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maintain good indoor air circulation and a suitable temperature and humidity.<\/strong>For example, open the window or use a fan\/air conditioner.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid strenuous exercise<\/strong>Or long-distance mountain climbing, hiking and other activities<\/li>\n<li><strong>Try to schedule outdoor activities in the morning or later in the afternoon.<\/strong>Conduct the activity and bring plenty of drinking water.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid drinking beverages containing caffeine and alcohol.<\/strong>To avoid accelerating water loss through the urinary system<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Indoor cooling: Be aware of the limitations of fans<\/h3>\n<p>This is a point not mentioned in the original draft, but it is especially important for the elderly. The Centre for Health Protection pointed out that...<strong>Fans can provide comfort in mild environments, but their cooling effect diminishes significantly in extremely hot conditions.<\/strong>When the ambient temperature typically exceeds 35\u00b0C to 40\u00b0C, people with poor heat dissipation, such as the elderly, pregnant women, young children, and those with chronic illnesses, should take precautions.<strong>Consider using the air conditioner earlier, or going to a place with air conditioning.<\/strong>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/files\/pdf\/ncd_watch_aug_2026_tc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Non-communicable Diseases in Focus, August 2026<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In addition, during hot weather<strong>The Home Affairs Department will open temporary summer shelters.<\/strong>To provide temporary rest and cooling facilities for citizens in need.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.had.gov.hk\/tc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Home Affairs Department<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Exercise: Choosing the right time and intensity<\/h3>\n<p>Exercise helps relieve stress and promotes blood circulation; it is recommended to maintain regular exercise.<strong>150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week<\/strong>(e.g., brisk walking, cycling), and<strong>Perform strength training involving major muscle groups at least two days a week.<\/strong>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/physical-activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Health Organization Physical Activity Recommendations<\/a>In summer, the focus is on<strong>Schedule outdoor activities for the cooler times of the morning or evening.<\/strong>Alternatively, it can be done indoors; individuals with heart conditions should consult their doctor before deciding on an exercise plan. More information is available on this site.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e9%95%b7%e8%80%85%e5%a4%8f%e5%a4%a9%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e9%a0%88%e9%87%8f%e5%8a%9b%e8%80%8c%e8%a1%8c%e4%bf%9d%e8%ad%b7%e5%bf%83%e8%87%9f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Summer Exercise Arrangements for Seniors<\/a>The compilation can be used as a reference.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">VI. Hydration and Diet: Portions and Preparation Methods<\/h2>\n<h3>How much should I drink each day?<\/h3>\n<p>The Department of Health&#039;s recommendation is<strong>Drink about 6 to 8 cups of liquid beverages daily.<\/strong>(Including water, tea, and broth) to promote health.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.studenthealth.gov.hk\/tc_chi\/health\/health_dn\/health_dn_eat_hea.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Health Student Health Services (Diet and Nutrition)<\/a>One cup is approximately 240 ml, which is equivalent to about 1.5 to 2 liters. The amount should be increased accordingly in hot weather or when sweating heavily.<\/p>\n<div class=\"note\">\n<p><strong>People who need to restrict their water intake should not follow this figure.<\/strong>If you have heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, or your doctor has instructed you to restrict your fluid intake,<strong>Daily water intake should be based on your doctor&#039;s advice.<\/strong>Do not increase the dosage on your own, as this may increase the burden on your heart.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>What to drink and what to eat<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mainly clean water<\/strong>Avoid sugary and alcoholic beverages; also avoid caffeinated drinks (such as coffee and tea), as they can accelerate water loss through the urinary system.<\/li>\n<li>When sweating heavily, you can replenish your body with drinks containing a small amount of salt or electrolyte beverages, but...<strong>People with heart failure or who need to restrict sodium should consult a doctor first.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A light diet is recommended.<\/strong>Increase your intake of vegetables, fruits, brown rice, and whole grains; reduce your intake of oily and high-saturated-fat foods, and replace frying with steaming, boiling, and blanching.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It should not be too salty<\/strong>To avoid raising blood pressure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For information on how to stay hydrated through food in summer and which fruits and vegetables have high water content, please refer to the website.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e5%8d%81%e7%a8%ae%e9%a3%9f%e7%89%a9%e8%b6%85%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%a4%8f%e5%ad%a3%e8%a3%9c%e6%b0%b4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Summer hydration isn&#039;t just about drinking water: 10 high-water-content fruits and vegetables, serving sizes, and safety tips.<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption<\/h3>\n<p>Both smoking and secondhand smoke significantly increase the risk of heart disease. Regarding alcohol, the World Health Organization states that...<strong>In 2019, approximately 2.6 million people worldwide died from alcohol-related causes, accounting for 4.71% of all deaths; of these, approximately 474,000 died from cardiovascular disease.<\/strong>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/alcohol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO Alcohol Special Report<\/a>In social situations, tea or water can be used instead of alcohol, which is a relatively easy step to take.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">7. People who are taking cardiovascular medications should pay special attention.<\/h2>\n<p>This section is also not mentioned in the original manuscript. Some commonly used medications can affect the body&#039;s ability to dissipate heat or maintain fluid balance, requiring extra attention in hot weather:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>diuretics<\/strong>(For example, hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide): These drugs remove water from the body by increasing urination. In hot weather, insufficient replenishment can increase the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03b2-blockers<\/strong>(For example, metoprolol and bisoprolol): may slow heart rate, reduce blood flow to the skin, and inhibit sweating, thus weakening the body&#039;s ability to dissipate heat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"danger\">\n<p><strong>Do not stop taking the medication or adjust the dosage on your own.<\/strong>In hot weather, the body&#039;s response to medication may change; whether medication needs to be adjusted must be determined by a doctor. Stopping medication on your own may cause a rebound in blood pressure or the condition, which could be more dangerous.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Centre for Health Protection also reminded patients with chronic illnesses that they should avoid exposure to high temperatures.<strong>You should closely monitor your physical condition. If any abnormalities occur in indicators such as blood pressure or heart rate, or if your condition fluctuates, you should seek help as soon as possible.<\/strong>At the same time, it should be ensured that<strong>Keep adequate supplies of commonly used medications and maintain contact with family, neighbors, and the community.<\/strong>Especially people living alone (<a href=\"https:\/\/chp.gov.hk\/tc\/static\/90064.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beware of heatstroke in the hot summer<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>If you are currently taking prescription medications and considering supplements, it is advisable to first understand the potential interactions.<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e5%bf%83%e8%a1%80%e7%ae%a1%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%9f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;Coenzyme Q10 and Cardiovascular Health&gt;<\/a>One article provides a more detailed explanation.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">8. What should I do if I experience suspected symptoms?<\/h2>\n<p>Regardless of whether the symptoms resemble a heart attack or heatstroke, the treatment principle remains the same:<strong>First, leave the high-temperature environment and try to cool down, then seek medical attention as soon as possible.<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>What can be done instantly?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Leave the high-temperature environment immediately<\/strong>Enter a shady or air-conditioned place<\/li>\n<li><strong>Help cool down the body<\/strong>Loosen clothing, wipe the body with water or fan it; a damp towel can be used to wipe the body.<strong>Do not use alcohol.<\/strong>\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>Replenish water<\/strong>If the person is conscious, they can drink cold boiled water containing a small amount of salt or an electrolyte drink.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seek medical attention as soon as possible<\/strong>Seize the golden time for treatment\u2014don&#039;t delay because you think it&#039;s just because of the heat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"danger\">\n<p><strong>In cases where you need to call 999 immediately:<\/strong>Persistent or severe chest pain, a feeling of pressure in the chest, severe difficulty breathing, profuse cold sweats, confusion or loss of consciousness, or generalized convulsions. These conditions constitute a medical emergency, and you should immediately call for ambulance services. Do not drive yourself to the hospital.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Warning signs that you need to seek medical attention as soon as possible<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Chest tightness or chest pain that does not improve after rest<\/li>\n<li>Palpitations, significantly irregular heartbeat<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath<\/li>\n<li>Unexplained cold sweats, nausea, and dizziness<\/li>\n<li>The pain extends to the left arm, jaw, back, or upper abdomen.<\/li>\n<li>Unusual fatigue and weakness (may be the main symptoms in women, the elderly, and people with diabetes).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you already have cardiovascular disease, regular check-ups, taking medication as prescribed, and monitoring your blood pressure and blood sugar are the most practical ways to protect yourself during the summer. Local primary care and elderly health services can provide relevant support; if you have any questions, it is advisable to consult your family doctor first.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">IX. Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3>Does high temperature really increase the risk of heart disease? Or is it only dangerous when it&#039;s cold?<\/h3>\n<p>Both are true. Multiple meta-analyses show a significant increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction during heat waves; however, cold weather also increases the risk. The key point is...<strong>Extreme temperature changes<\/strong>It puts stress on the heart, not just in summer. These studies are observational and show a correlation; individual risk does not increase proportionally.<\/p>\n<h3>How can you tell the difference between a myocardial infarction and heatstroke?<\/h3>\n<p>Myocardial infarction often presents with significant chest tightness, chest pain (often with a feeling of pressure), cold sweats, nausea, and difficulty breathing, while body temperature is usually normal. Heatstroke or heat exhaustion, on the other hand, commonly presents with dizziness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and general weakness. In heatstroke, body temperature generally exceeds 40\u00b0C, and there is usually a history of prolonged exposure to high temperatures. It is particularly important to note that...<strong>Both can occur simultaneously.<\/strong>If the cause cannot be determined, it should be treated as a heart problem.<\/p>\n<h3>Why can heart attacks occur in the summer? Isn&#039;t it only dangerous in winter?<\/h3>\n<p>In high temperatures, blood vessels in the skin dilate, heart rate increases, and the heart needs to pump more blood to dissipate heat; at the same time, sweating causes water loss, making the blood thicker and increasing circulatory resistance. For people who already have coronary artery stenosis or weak heart function, these changes can be a trigger.<\/p>\n<h3>I have high blood pressure, but it seems to be lower in the summer. Can I reduce my medication on my own?<\/h3>\n<p>No. Summer vasodilation may lower blood pressure compared to winter, but factors such as dehydration and emotional fluctuations can cause a sudden rise in blood pressure. Stopping medication or adjusting the dosage on your own can lead to a rebound in blood pressure, potentially triggering cardiovascular events.<strong>Whether medication needs to be adjusted must be decided by a doctor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>How much water should you drink every day?<\/h3>\n<p>The Department of Health recommends about 6 to 8 cups of liquid beverages (about 1.5 to 2 liters) per day, which should be increased in hot weather or when sweating a lot.<strong>However, if you have heart disease, liver disease, or kidney disease, or if your doctor has instructed you to restrict your fluid intake, you should follow your doctor&#039;s advice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>What should you pay attention to when exercising in the summer?<\/h3>\n<p>It is recommended to accumulate 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, and to do strength training at least two days a week. In summer, avoid the hottest hours between 10 am and 2 pm; instead, exercise in the early morning or evening, or move indoors. Avoid strenuous exercise in extremely hot weather. People with heart conditions should consult their doctor about their exercise plan first.<\/p>\n<h3>Can heart patients use air conditioning? What happens if there&#039;s a large temperature difference between indoors and outdoors?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, and using air conditioning appropriately in high temperatures is an important protective measure. Fans become significantly less effective at cooling temperatures above approximately 35\u00b0C to 40\u00b0C. The elderly, pregnant women, young children, and those with chronic illnesses should consider using air conditioning earlier. When moving in or out of air-conditioned areas, it is advisable to pause briefly in the transition area to allow the body to adjust to the temperature difference, and it is also advisable to wear a light jacket beforehand.<\/p>\n<h3>What should you do if you experience chest pain?<\/h3>\n<p>Immediately leave the hot environment, try to cool down, and seek medical attention as soon as possible. If chest pain persists, feels tight, is accompanied by difficulty breathing, profuse sweating, or altered consciousness, call 999 immediately for an ambulance; do not drive yourself. Do not delay treatment because you think it&#039;s just because of the heat.<\/p>\n<h3>Is chest pain always present before a heart attack?<\/h3>\n<p>Not necessarily. Women, the elderly, and people with diabetes may experience less typical symptoms, such as shortness of breath, unusual fatigue, back pain, upper abdominal discomfort, jaw or left arm pain, or even just nausea. Therefore, if you experience unexplained discomfort, especially in hot environments, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation as soon as possible.<\/p>\n<h3>If it&#039;s hot but I have no symptoms, do I need to get tested?<\/h3>\n<p>The absence of symptoms does not mean the absence of risk. It is recommended to manage daily risks by: controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar; quitting smoking; limiting alcohol consumption; maintaining a balanced diet; engaging in moderate exercise; and regularly monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar as advised by your doctor. If you already belong to a high-risk group (e.g., have a history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or diabetes), you should avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures during the summer and attend your scheduled follow-up appointments.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">10. Sources of Information<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Hong Kong official source<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Centre for Health Protection:<a href=\"https:\/\/chp.gov.hk\/tc\/static\/90064.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beware of heatstroke in the hot summer.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Department of Health:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/tc\/media\/116\/110205.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Department of Health reminds citizens to take precautions against heat-related illnesses during periods of extreme heat.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hong Kong Government Press Release (June 2026):<a href=\"https:\/\/www.info.gov.hk\/gia\/general\/202606\/21\/P2026062100148.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Due to the scorching weather, the Department of Health is reminding citizens to take precautions against illnesses caused by high temperatures.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Centre for Health Protection&#039;s &quot;Non-Communicable Disease Report&quot; September 2025:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/files\/pdf\/ncd_watch_sep_2025_tc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protecting Cardiovascular Health: No Missed Jumps<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Centre for Health Protection&#039;s &quot;Non-Communicable Disease Report&quot; August 2026:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/files\/pdf\/ncd_watch_aug_2026_tc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change and Health Special Topic<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Department of Health:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthyhk.gov.hk\/phisweb\/zh\/chart_detail\/22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Health Statistics of Fatal Disease<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Department of Health Student Health Services:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.studenthealth.gov.hk\/tc_chi\/health\/health_dn\/health_dn_eat_hea.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;Diet and Nutrition&gt;<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hong Kong Observatory:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hko.gov.hk\/tc\/education\/weather\/hot-and-cold-weather\/00706-Beware-of-Health-Effects-of-Extremely-Hot-Weather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beware of the health effects of extreme heat.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Home Affairs Department:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.had.gov.hk\/tc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Temporary summer retreat services<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>international authoritative organizations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>World Health Organization:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/alcohol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Special Feature on Alcohol (Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Statistics)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/physical-activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Physical Activity Special Topic (150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity for adults, two days of strength training per week)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Research literature (titles, journals, and years have been verified one by one)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sun Z, Chen C, Xu D, Li T. Effects of ambient temperature on myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0<em>Environ Pollut<\/em>. 2018;241:1106-1114.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30029319\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 30029319<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bell ML, et al. Climate Change, Extreme Heat, and Health.\u00a0<em>N Engl J Med<\/em>. 2024;390(19):1793-1801.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38749034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 38749034<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Heatwave Definition and Impact on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.\u00a0<em>Public Health Rev<\/em>. 2023;44:1606266.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37908198\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 37908198<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sex differences in the impact of extreme heat on cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0<em>Environ Health<\/em>. 2025;24:27.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40221760\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 40221760<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Effects of cold and hot temperature on dehydration: a mechanism of cardiovascular burden.\u00a0<em>Int J Biometeorol<\/em>. 2015;59(8):1035-1044.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25344017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PMID 25344017<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"disclaimer\">\n<p><strong>Health Declaration:<\/strong>This article is for health education purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, nor can it replace a doctor&#039;s diagnosis and treatment. The studies cited are mostly observational studies or systematic reviews, which only show correlations or interim results and cannot prove causation, nor do they represent that individual risk will change proportionally. The relationship between weather and cardiovascular disease is influenced by many factors, and Hong Kong figures are updated annually. Cardiovascular disease requires professional medical attention. If you experience chest pain, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, palpitations, or other discomfort, seek medical attention immediately; in an emergency, please call 999. Anyone taking prescription medications (especially blood pressure medication, diuretics, or heart medications) should not stop taking them or adjust the dosage on their own; they should consult a doctor or pharmacist first. You can also consult your family doctor or registered dietitian for personalized summer heart health advice.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6bcf\u9022\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u7684\u63d0\u9192\u662f\u300c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6691\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u6709\u9ad8\u8840\u58d3\u6216\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u75c5\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u6691 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":128440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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