{"id":127719,"date":"2025-08-27T14:52:06","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T06:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/?p=127719"},"modified":"2026-10-26T14:54:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T06:54:58","slug":"blog-%e8%91%89%e9%bb%83%e7%b4%a0%e3%80%81%e7%b6%ad%e4%bb%96%e5%91%bda%e3%80%81omega-3%e8%ad%b7%e7%9c%bc%e4%bf%9d%e5%81%a5%e5%93%81%e6%80%8e%e9%ba%bc%e6%8f%80%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e8%91%89%e9%bb%83%e7%b4%a0%e3%80%81%e7%b6%ad%e4%bb%96%e5%91%bda%e3%80%81omega-3%e8%ad%b7%e7%9c%bc%e4%bf%9d%e5%81%a5%e5%93%81%e6%80%8e%e9%ba%bc%e6%8f%80%ef%bc%9f","title":{"rendered":"Is blueberry really good for eye health? The effects, dosage, and choices of six eye-protecting ingredients."},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>The eye benefits of blueberries largely come from their anthocyanins, and while several randomized controlled trials do support this\u2014the scope of support is much smaller than advertised.<b>Eye fatigue and focus adjustment caused by prolonged screen time<\/b>It&#039;s not about &quot;improving nearsightedness&quot; or &quot;enhancing night vision.&quot; As for lutein, vitamin A, beta-carotene, Omega-3, and astaxanthin, which are often listed alongside blueberry extract in the market, each of these six actually addresses different issues and is not &quot;more comprehensive when taken together.&quot;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>A more common misconception is that they are considered the same thing. Lutein and zeaxanthin are...<b>Pigment raw materials in the macula<\/b>Vitamin A is<b>Problems only arise when there is a deficiency in the raw materials for rhodopsin.<\/b>Beta-carotene is a source of vitamin A.<b>precursor<\/b>It overlaps in function with vitamin A supplements; Omega-3 is...<b>Structural components of photoreceptor cell membranes<\/b>However, the results in large-scale trials on dry eye and macular degeneration were not promising; evidence for astaxanthin focused on...<b>Accommodation and Digital Eye Strain<\/b>Arranging the six options in a row to compare &quot;which one is better&quot; will lead to a flawed conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>First, we will separate the identities of blueberries and bilberries, then explain the human study dosages of the six ingredients, where the evidence is, who should be careful, and finally provide a &quot;choose according to symptoms&quot; comparison table.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Your situation<\/th>\n<th>Worth considering<\/th>\n<th>This can be skipped.<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Looking at the screen for more than 6 hours a day results in slow focusing and eye strain when finishing work.<\/td>\n<td>Bilberry\/Blueberry Anthocyanins, Astaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>Vitamin A supplements (not necessary for those with a normal diet)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Over 50 years old, with a family history of macular degeneration<\/td>\n<td>Lutein 10 mg + Zeaxanthin 2 mg<\/td>\n<td>Beta-carotene (smokers should especially avoid it)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dry eye syndrome has been diagnosed.<\/td>\n<td>See a doctor first; lutein and Omega-3 can be used as supplementary treatments.<\/td>\n<td>Using supplements as a substitute for artificial tears<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frequently eating out and eating less dark green leafy vegetables<\/td>\n<td>Lutein; or try changing your diet first.<\/td>\n<td>Buy all six at once<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Smoker or former smoker<\/td>\n<td>Lutein\/Zeaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>High dose of beta-carotene<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>I am currently taking warfarin.<\/td>\n<td>Consult a doctor first<\/td>\n<td>Increase the dosage of fish oil or blueberry extract on your own.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<nav>\n<h2>Table of contents<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s1\">First, distinguish between &quot;blueberries&quot; and &quot;bilberries&quot;.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s2\">II. Blueberry extract: Evidence focuses on eye fatigue, not night vision.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s3\">III. Lutein to Zeaxanthin: How is the 10:2 ratio determined?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s4\">IV. Is the free form always better absorbed than the esterified form?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s5\">5. Vitamin A: Supplement only if you are deficient, not for &quot;eye health&quot;.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s6\">6. Beta-carotene: Same as vitamin A, but without the 3,000 microgram upper limit.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s7\">7. Omega-3: Dry eye presents mixed evidence; macular degeneration does not contribute to the finding.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s8\">8. Astaxanthin: The dosage is not 1 mg.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s9\">9. How to combine the six types: You don&#039;t need to take them all; choose one or two based on your symptoms.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s10\">10. Food Priorities: A Practical Checklist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s11\">11. Who should be careful?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s12\">XII. Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:50328\/static-html\/9237f17f2866930e\/#s13\">XIII. Sources of Information<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">First, distinguish between &quot;blueberries&quot; and &quot;bilberries&quot;.<\/h2>\n<p>Most of the &quot;blueberry extract&quot; products on Hong Kong shelves do not list blueberries on their ingredient lists, but rather...<b>Bilberry<\/b>(bilberry, scientific name)\u00a0<i>Vaccinium myrtillus<\/i>), also known as European blueberry. It is different from the blueberries we eat (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum<\/i>Highbush blueberries and other blueberries belong to the same genus but are different species: bilberries have smaller fruits and dark purple flesh, and their anthocyanin content and composition are different; blueberries have whiter flesh, and their pigments are mainly concentrated in the skin.<\/p>\n<p>This distinction is important when reading research. Studies of bilberry in Europe and Japan often use...<b>Standardized extracts<\/b>The percentage of anthocyanin content should be clearly stated. The anthocyanin dosage can vary by several times between blueberry juice, dried blueberries, and blueberry extract capsules. When you see research findings claiming &quot;blueberries protect eyesight,&quot; first confirm which type of fruit, which preparation, and how many milligrams were used.<\/p>\n<p>One more point: anthocyanins are water-soluble, and price and color intensity cannot be used as indicators of content. If you want to obtain them from the whole fruit, fresh or frozen blueberries are reasonable choices; however, to reach the research-grade extract dosage (240 to 480 mg of standardized extract), eating the fruit alone is not practical. A more comprehensive comparison of the two types of components in purchasing is provided in another article:<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/lutein-vs-anthocyanins-eye-health-guide-hong-kong\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lutein vs. Anthocyanins: A Comparison of Eye-Protecting Nutrition for Mobile Phone Users, Children, and the Elderly in Hong Kong<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">II. Blueberry extract: Evidence focuses on eye fatigue, not night vision.<\/h2>\n<p>The most widely circulated origin story for this product is that &quot;British pilots in World War II ate bilberry jam to improve their night vision.&quot; However, this claim has not been replicated in rigorous testing: a 2004 systematic review identified 30 trials related to low-light vision, 12 of which were placebo-controlled.<b>The results of the four most recent randomized controlled trials were all negative.<\/b>The authors concluded that &quot;the hypothesis that bilberry anthocyanins improve normal night vision is not supported by rigorous clinical studies.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>However, the same set of studies also pointed to another clue: negative results often came from tests with lower doses or different extract sources. Subsequent research shifted its focus.<b>Digital eye strain and ciliary muscle accommodation<\/b>The results for this part were significantly better.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Research<\/th>\n<th>Objects and Design<\/th>\n<th>Dosage and time<\/th>\n<th>result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ozawa 2015<\/td>\n<td>281 people were screened, and 88 were enrolled (those with lower critical flash fusion frequency and near-point accommodation), in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.<\/td>\n<td>Bilberry extract 480 mg\/day, for 8 weeks<\/td>\n<td>The decrease in critical flicker fusion frequency after screen viewing was reduced (p=0.023); subjective symptoms such as eye fatigue, eye pain, and eye heaviness were improved.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kosehira 2020<\/td>\n<td>109 adults aged 20 to 60 years, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.<\/td>\n<td>Standardized bilberry extract 240 mg\/day, 12 weeks<\/td>\n<td>At weeks 8 and 12, objective indicators of ciliary muscle accommodation after screen viewing were better than those of placebo (p=0.014, 0.017).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kizawa 2021<\/td>\n<td>44 adults with eye strain, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.<\/td>\n<td>Anthocyanins + astaxanthin + lutein compound, 6 weeks<\/td>\n<td>Percentage improvement in pupillary response after viewing the screen; improvement in subjective scores for &quot;difficulty focusing&quot; and &quot;difficulty seeing close objects&quot; (compound treatment, not attributable to a single component).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yu 2023 (Hong Kong)<\/td>\n<td>24 adults with severe dry eye (OSDI &gt;33),<b>The control group did not have a placebo.<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Bilberry extract 600 mg + DHA fish oil 240 mg, for 3 months.<\/td>\n<td>OSDI, non-invasive tear film breakup time, and phenol red cotton thread test all improved; the authors explicitly stated that a placebo-containing study is needed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If we look at the four items together, we can understand it like this:<b>Blueberry extract has repeatable positive results in the scenario of &quot;slower eye accommodation and easier eye fatigue after looking at screens&quot;.<\/b>The dosage ranged from 240 to 480 mg of the standardized extract daily; however, there was insufficient evidence to support findings regarding myopia, night vision, or macular degeneration. The last Hong Kong study had a sample size of only 24 participants and did not include a placebo; therefore, any improvements may include an expectation effect, which should be clearly stated when citing it.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding whole fruit, blueberries are a fruit with a high anthocyanin density, making them a reasonable choice for daily fruit consumption. However, equating &quot;eating blueberries&quot; with &quot;taking blueberry extract capsules&quot; is not equivalent in terms of dosage; conversely, considering capsules as &quot;can offset the effects of staying up late looking at screens&quot; goes beyond current evidence. To see the actual dosage differences indicated on commercially available products, please refer to...<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/bilberry-extract-supplements-comparison-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A comprehensive review of 10 blueberry extract products in Hong Kong<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/product\/wn015\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%87_20231124153146.jpg\" alt=\"\u7dad\u67cf\u5065 \u2013 \u5f37\u6548\u8449\u9ec3\u7d2025\u6beb\u514b+\u7389\u7c73\u9ec3\u8cea5\u6beb\u514b 175\u7c92\u8edf\u81a0\u56ca\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vita Green \u2013 Lutein 25mg + Zeaxanthin 5mg 175 Softgels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">III. Lutein to Zeaxanthin: How is the 10:2 ratio determined?<\/h2>\n<p>Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrate in the macula of the retina, forming macular pigment, which is responsible for filtering short-wavelength light and has antioxidant properties. This is one of the six components.<b>The most solid large-scale randomized controlled trials<\/b>One group, but the conclusions need to be stated separately: it has a mild but measurable mitigating effect on macular degeneration, but no overall effect on cataracts.<\/p>\n<p><b>Macular degeneration.<\/b>The AREDS2 study followed 3,882 individuals (6,351 eyes) for 10 years. The group receiving 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin daily had a risk ratio of [missing information - likely related to macular degeneration].\u00a0<b>0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.84 to 0.99)<\/b>Statistically significant but with limited magnitude. The same study found that the risk ratio for the group adding Omega-3 was...\u00a0<b>1.01 (0.93 to 1.09)<\/b>That is equivalent to having no difference.<\/p>\n<p><b>cataract.<\/b>Another AREDS2 report followed 4,203 people for a median of 4.7 years, and the hazard ratio for cataract surgery in the lutein\/zeaxanthin group was [missing information].\u00a0<b>0.96 (0.84 to 1.10, p=0.54)<\/b>Overall, it was not significant. However, in<b>The lowest one-fifth of those with the lowest dietary intake<\/b>In the population, the risk ratio decreased to\u00a0<b>0.68 (0.48 to 0.96, p=0.03)<\/b>In other words, the difference is only noticeable for people who eat less, which explains why the claim that &quot;supplementing with lutein can prevent cataracts&quot; is sometimes true and sometimes false.<\/p>\n<p><b>Eye fatigue and dry eyes.<\/b>A 2025 randomized, double-blind trial involving 70 participants over a six-month period, administering 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin to adults who used screens for more than six hours daily, showed improvements in tear secretion, recovery time after light stimulation, and tear film breakup time; however,<b>There were no differences between groups in subjective questionnaires and contrast sensitivity.<\/b>The discrepancy between the improvement in objective indicators and the lack of synchronization in subjective symptoms is a common finding in this type of research. It is more useful to write it out truthfully than to simply say that it is &quot;effective&quot;.<\/p>\n<p><b>dose.<\/b>The AREDS2 formula uses 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin, which is also the source of the &quot;10:2 golden ratio&quot; indicated on most products. This ratio comes from a large-scale trial, not an &quot;optimal ratio&quot; calculated out of thin air; other ratios have not been compared with trials of the same scale. For further information on the effects of these two pigments in the macula, please refer to [link to relevant documentation].<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e7%87%9f%e9%a4%8a%e5%b8%ab%e6%8e%a8%e8%96%a6%e5%85%a9%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0-%e8%ad%b7%e7%9c%bc%e5%8a%9b%e8%b6%85%e8%91%89%e9%bb%83%e7%b4%a05%e5%80%8d\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What are the functions of lutein and zeaxanthin?<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>Yellowish skin.<\/b>Long-term, high-dose intake of carotenoids can cause the palms and soles to turn orange-yellow, a condition known as carotenemia. It is different from jaundice.<b>The whites of the eyes will not turn yellow<\/b>There was no fatigue, dark urine, or abdominal pain, and the symptoms subsided several weeks to months after the dosage was reduced.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/product\/wn004\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/uwunleabeo0swpaoujti.webp\" alt=\"\u7dad\u67cf\u5065 - \u660e\u76ee\u6297\u8870\uf934\u6fc3\u7e2e\uf923\u8393\ufa1d\u83ef + \u5c71\u6851\u5b50 120\u7c92\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vibecare \u2013 Eye Brightening &amp; Anti-Aging Concentrated Blueberry Extract + Bilberry 120 Capsules<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">IV. Is the free form always better absorbed than the esterified form?<\/h2>\n<p>It is often said in the market that &quot;free form has a better absorption rate than ester form&quot;. This statement has almost become a consensus in product marketing materials in Hong Kong and Taiwan. However, recent human trials do not support using it as a deciding factor when making a purchase decision.<\/p>\n<p>A 2024 randomized crossover trial recruited 24 healthy adults aged 20-35 and 50-65 years to take 6 mg of marigold-derived lutein daily, in both free and esterified forms, for two months. Results showed that serum lutein levels in both groups rose to baseline on day 15.\u00a0<b>2.4 times<\/b>(Free form 0.81, esterified form 0.90 \u00b5mol\/L)<b>There were no statistical differences at any time point.<\/b>There was no difference in glare and contrast sensitivity.<\/p>\n<p>Esterified esters require hydrolysis in the intestines before absorption, which is the mechanism behind the claim that &quot;esterified esters are less effective.&quot; However, the body&#039;s esterases are sufficient to complete this step, and actual serum reactivity is similar to that of the free form. Therefore, when purchasing...<b>The actual milligram count of lutein indicated, whether there is third-party testing, and whether the formula contains oils.<\/b>More important than &quot;free or esterified&quot; is the question. Lutein is fat-soluble, so it&#039;s best taken with meals or fatty foods.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding, the common wording in the past was &quot;safety not established, avoidance recommended.&quot; However, a randomized trial of L-ZIP published in 2024, in which 47 low-risk pregnant women took 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin daily starting in early pregnancy, showed a significant increase in maternal macular pigment volume.<b>No depletion of carotenoids was observed in the mother&#039;s eyes.<\/b>The infant&#039;s skin and serum carotenoid levels also increased. The sample size is still small, but this at least illustrates that the statement &quot;it cannot be used during pregnancy&quot; is too absolute; it&#039;s advisable to consult with your prenatal doctor before actual use.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/product\/psv002\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E6%93%B7%E5%8F%96%E7%95%AB%E9%9D%A2-2024-09-24-162123.png\" alt=\"\u535a\u58eb\u502b - Ocuvite\u00ae 50\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8b77\u773c\u914d\u65b9 \u8449\u9ec3\u7d20 + \u7389\u7c73\u9ec3\u7d20 + Omega-3 50\u7c92\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bausch &amp; Lomb \u2013 Ocuvite\u00ae Eye Care Formula for Ages 50 and Up: Lutein + Zeaxanthin + Omega-3 50 Capsules<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">5. Vitamin A: Supplement only if you are deficient, not for &quot;eye health&quot;.<\/h2>\n<p>The relationship between vitamin A and the eyes is very clear, but the direction is often misrepresented. It is a raw material for rhodopsin, a protein in retinal photoreceptor cells that senses light in dim light; it also maintains the normal differentiation of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium.<b>When lack<\/b>Night blindness can occur, followed by conjunctival dryness and corneal softening, which can lead to permanent blindness in severe cases. One of the leading causes of preventable blindness in children worldwide is vitamin A deficiency.<\/p>\n<p>However, &quot;deficiency will cause problems&quot; does not mean &quot;more supplementation is better.&quot; For people with normal diets and no deficiencies, additional vitamin A supplementation will not improve night vision, nor will it improve dry eye unrelated to deficiency. The vast majority of dry eye cases in Hong Kong are related to meibomian gland function, screen use, contact lenses, dry environment, or medications, and vitamin A supplementation is not a corresponding treatment.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>project<\/th>\n<th>numerical values<\/th>\n<th>illustrate<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Recommended intake for adults (United States)<\/td>\n<td>Male 900, female 700 \u00b5g RAE\/day<\/td>\n<td>Pregnancy 770, breastfeeding 1,300 \u00b5g RAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Upper limit (pre-formulated vitamin A)<\/td>\n<td>3,000 \u00b5g RAE\/day<\/td>\n<td>Applicable only to animal-derived and retinol supplements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Common food conversion<\/td>\n<td>100 grams of cooked pork liver far exceeds the daily requirement.<\/td>\n<td>One to two small portions per week is enough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Excessive cost.<\/b>Preformed vitamin A is fat-soluble and accumulates in the liver. Acute overdose can cause headaches, nausea, and blurred vision; long-term overdose is associated with liver damage and bone loss. A 2021 meta-analysis of 13 prospective studies found that the group with the highest total dietary vitamin A intake...<b>The risk ratio for hip fracture is 1.29 (1.07 to 1.57).<\/b>Retinol is\u00a0<b>1.23 (1.02 to 1.48)<\/b>Interestingly,<b>The highest \u03b2-carotene level was actually 0.72 (ranging from 0.58 to 0.89).<\/b>The directions are opposite. This indicates that &quot;vitamin A damages bones&quot; refers to preformed vitamin A, not beta-carotene.<\/p>\n<p>Special attention should be paid during pregnancy: Daily intake of preformed vitamin A exceeding 3,000 \u00b5g RAE is associated with malformations of the fetus&#039;s eyes, skull, lungs, and heart. Pregnant women and those planning pregnancy should not self-medicate with high doses of vitamin A supplements; beta-carotene has no known teratogenic effects. Individuals with impaired liver or kidney function, whose metabolic and excretory abilities are reduced, should consult a doctor before supplementation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/product\/psv001\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E6%93%B7%E5%8F%96%E7%95%AB%E9%9D%A2-2024-06-18-112503-1.png\" alt=\"\u535a\u58eb\u502b - PreserVision\u00ae\u8b77\u773c\u7dad\u4ed6\u547d\u548c\u7926\u7269\u8cea\u52a0\u5f37\u914d\u65b9 210\u7c92\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bausch + Lomb \u2013 PreserVision\u00ae Eye Care Vitamins &amp; Minerals Plus 210 capsules<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">6. Beta-carotene: Same as vitamin A, but without the 3,000 microgram upper limit.<\/h2>\n<p>Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A, which the body converts into vitamin A as needed. This is the real reason behind the suggestion to &quot;supplement only one of beta-carotene and vitamin A&quot;\u2014<b>The two functions overlap<\/b>Eating at the same time is redundant, not conflicting.<\/p>\n<p>However, the figure of &quot;3,000 micrograms per day&quot; needs to be corrected. 3,000 \u00b5g RAE is...<b>Pre-formed Vitamin A<\/b>\u00a0Tolerable Upper Intake Level (MEAD); Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Medicine<b>There has never been an upper limit set for beta-carotene and other vitamin A precursor carotenoids.<\/b>Because their metabolic pathways are different, excessive amounts only cause the skin to turn orange-yellow, not poisoning. Applying the upper limit of vitamin A to beta-carotene is a misuse of the numerical values for two different substances.<\/p>\n<p>The real concern is with smokers and former smokers. Three large studies consistently showed that high-dose beta-carotene supplements had the opposite effect in this group:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Research<\/th>\n<th>object<\/th>\n<th>dose<\/th>\n<th>result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>ATBC<\/td>\n<td>29,133 male smokers<\/td>\n<td>\u03b2-carotene 20 mg\/day, for 5 to 8 years<\/td>\n<td>The risk of lung cancer increases by approximately 181 TP4T, and the overall mortality rate increases by approximately 81 TP4T.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CARET<\/td>\n<td>18,314 smokers and asbestos-exposed workers<\/td>\n<td>\u03b2-Carotene 30 mg + Retinyl Palmitate 7,500 \u00b5g RAE\/day<\/td>\n<td>The risk of lung cancer increases by 281 TP4T, and the mortality rate from lung cancer increases by 461 TP4T (early termination).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AREDS2 Ten-Year Tracking<\/td>\n<td>3,882 people<\/td>\n<td>\u03b2-carotene 15 mg\/day<\/td>\n<td>Lung cancer ratio\u00a0<b>1.82 (1.06 to 3.12)<\/b>The lutein group showed a value of 1.15 (not significant).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Therefore, the conclusion in practice is clear:<b>For smokers or former smokers, choose lutein\/zeaxanthin, and avoid formulas containing high doses of beta-carotene.<\/b>Non-smokers do not have this concern when obtaining carotene from food (carrots, pumpkins, papayas, dark green leafy vegetables). The concentration of carotene in food is far lower than the 20 to 30 mg used in the experiment and cannot be directly compared. The division of labor among \u03b2-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin in terms of spectral and tissue distribution is discussed in [link to relevant documentation].<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/%e6%9c%89%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e7%b6%ad%e7%94%9f%e7%b4%a0%e8%83%bd%e6%8f%90%e9%ab%98%e8%a6%96%e5%8a%9b%ef%bc%9f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Want to maintain good eyesight? Learn about beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin.<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">7. Omega-3: Dry eye presents mixed evidence; macular degeneration does not contribute to the finding.<\/h2>\n<p>DHA in Omega-3 is an important structural component of retinal photoreceptor cell membranes, a fact that is beyond dispute. However, &quot;structurally a raw material&quot; and &quot;supplementation can improve disease&quot; are two different things, and the results of large-scale trials in this regard are more conservative than generally expected.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dry eyes.<\/b>The DREAM study randomized 535 patients with moderate to severe dry eye into two groups: one receiving 3,000 mg of fish oil-based EPA + DHA daily, and the other a placebo of olive oil, for 12 months. The primary endpoint, improvement in OSDI score, was [not specified].\u00a0<b>-13.9 vs. -12.5<\/b>Between-group differences\u00a0<b>-1.9 (95% confidence interval -5.0 to 1.1, p=0.21)<\/b>The results were not statistically significant; there were also no differences in conjunctival staining, corneal staining, tear film breakup time, and Schirmer test. However, the olive oil placebo group itself improved by 12.5 points, indicating that &quot;participating in the study, using eye drops on time, and improving the environment&quot; were already effective.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, several newer meta-analyses suggest that this may be helpful in specific subgroups (those with very low baseline Omega-3 uptake and predominantly meibomian gland dysfunction). The safest approach, taken in combination, is:<b>While Omega-3 is not the primary treatment for dry eyes, supplementing with sufficient EPA\/DHA is a reasonable step for those with inadequate dietary intake.<\/b>Those already diagnosed with dry eye should first address the meibomian gland issues and environmental factors. For information on the causes of dry eye, the choice of artificial tears, and the timing of seeking medical attention, please see [link to relevant documentation].<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e6%97%a5%e7%9d%87%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e5%b1%8f%e9%80%be8%e5%b0%8f%e6%99%82%ef%bc%8c%e6%82%a3%e5%9a%b4%e9%87%8d%e4%b9%be%e7%9c%bc%e7%97%87%e5%b9%be%e7%8e%87%e5%a2%9e14\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dry eye syndrome and prolonged screen time<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>Macular degeneration.<\/b>The AREDS2 Omega-3 group (1 gram daily) had a lower risk of progression to advanced macular degeneration compared to the control group.\u00a0<b>1.01 (0.93 to 1.09)<\/b>It&#039;s essentially the same as not being different. This differs from the &quot;fish oil for eye protection&quot; claims on the market, but stating the truth will prevent readers from wasting their money.<\/p>\n<p><b>Purchase and safety.<\/b>Fish oil is commonly available in three forms: triglycerides (TG), re-esterified triglycerides (rTG), and ethyl esters (EE). The first two are generally absorbed better than EE, but differences vary across studies, and their clinical significance remains uncertain.<b>Actual EPA+DHA mg count, oxidation indicators (peroxide value, TOTOX), and heavy metal test report.<\/b>More important than the form it takes is its significance. High-dose Omega-3 can slightly prolong bleeding time; those taking antiplatelet drugs, taking antiplatelet medications, or preparing for surgery should consult their doctor first.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">8. Astaxanthin: The dosage is not 1 mg.<\/h2>\n<p>Astaxanthin (often written as \u867e\u9752\u7d20 in mainland China) is a type of carotenoid, mainly derived from Haematococcus pluvialis, and is the reason why salmon, shrimp, and crab are red. It cannot be converted into vitamin A in the human body, unlike beta-carotene which has a different pathway of action.<\/p>\n<p>Common product instructions state &quot;Do not exceed 1 mg per day,&quot; which is far from the dosage used in human studies. Current experimental dosage ranges from 4 to 12 mg per day.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Research<\/th>\n<th>object<\/th>\n<th>Dosage and time<\/th>\n<th>result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hecht 2025<\/td>\n<td>64 children aged 10 to 14 years with \u22654 hours of screen time per day were randomly selected, double-blind, placebo-controlled.<\/td>\n<td>4 mg\/day, 84 days<\/td>\n<td>Computer vision syndrome questionnaire score improved by -4.00 to -1.72 (between groups 201 TP4T); visual fatigue score improved by 271 TP4T.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sekikawa 2023<\/td>\n<td>60 healthy adults, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled<\/td>\n<td>9 mg\/day, 6 weeks<\/td>\n<td>The dominant eye had better corrected visual acuity after screen viewing in the group aged 40 and above; there was no difference in the group under 40.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tian 2021<\/td>\n<td>60 middle-aged and young patients with moderate dry eye (120 eyes).<b>Single group, no control<\/b><\/td>\n<td>6 mg twice daily (total 12 mg), for 30 days.<\/td>\n<td>Improvements were observed in OSDI, tear film breakup time, and corneal staining; however, due to the lack of a control group, the placebo effect cannot be ruled out.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Regarding safety, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stated in 2020 that 8 mg of dietary supplements daily, combined with background dietary intake, is safe for adults. The 2019 revised acceptable daily intake is 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, which is approximately 12 mg for a 60 kg adult. A review of 87 human studies, including 35 studies with doses exceeding 12 mg daily, found no safety issues.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the statement that &quot;astaxanthin also has anticoagulant effects and may affect the liver&#039;s metabolism of drugs&quot;\u2014current human evidence is quite limited, mostly from in vitro and animal studies. A prudent approach is:<b>Those taking blood thinning pills, blood pressure medication, or blood sugar medication should consult a doctor before starting.<\/b>However, it should not be described as a drug that is guaranteed to cause bleeding.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">9. How to combine the six types: You don&#039;t need to take them all; choose one or two based on your symptoms.<\/h2>\n<p>&quot;These nutrients have a synergistic effect, and it is neither necessary nor recommended to take them simultaneously&quot;\u2014the first part is true, but the second part needs revision. Only one pair is truly repeated:<b>Beta-carotene and Vitamin A<\/b>Because the former is converted into the latter in the body. The other four follow different pathways: lutein\/zeaxanthin enters the macular pigment, anthocyanins and astaxanthin handle oxidative stress and regulate function, and Omega-3 is a component of cell membrane structure. They can coexist; the problem is not &quot;conflict,&quot; but rather...<b>Is it necessary, and what is the cost?<\/b>\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Main problem<\/th>\n<th>Priority ingredients<\/th>\n<th>Study dose<\/th>\n<th>Strength of evidence<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Slow focusing, eye strain, and eye fatigue after looking at the screen<\/td>\n<td>Bilberry\/Blueberry Anthocyanins<\/td>\n<td>240 to 480 mg standardized extract<\/td>\n<td>Multiple small RCTs with consistent results<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Same as above, or children using tablets for extended periods of time.<\/td>\n<td>Astaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>4 to 12 mg<\/td>\n<td>One pediatric RCT, one adult RCT, and one uncontrolled study.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risk of macular degeneration in people over 50<\/td>\n<td>Lutein + Zeaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>10 mg + 2 mg<\/td>\n<td>Large RCT, 10-year hazard ratio 0.91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eat less dark green leafy vegetables and egg yolks<\/td>\n<td>Lutein + Zeaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>10 mg + 2 mg<\/td>\n<td>The group with the lowest dietary intake showed more significant effects.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dry eye syndrome has been diagnosed.<\/td>\n<td>First, address the meibomian glands and their environment; lutein and Omega-3 can assist.<\/td>\n<td>Lutein 10\/2; Omega-3 (EPA + DHA as labeled)<\/td>\n<td>DREAM&#039;s main indicators were negative; some subgroups showed improvement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Night blindness, dry cornea (rare)<\/td>\n<td>Vitamin A (deficiency must be diagnosed first)<\/td>\n<td>Follow doctor&#039;s instructions<\/td>\n<td>Standard treatment of deficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diet lacking in fat and eating little fish<\/td>\n<td>Omega-3<\/td>\n<td>250 to 500 mg EPA + DHA daily<\/td>\n<td>Cardiovascular and general health; weaker ophthalmic evidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If a merger is required,<b>Lutein\/zeaxanthin plus one anthocyanin or astaxanthin<\/b>This is the most common combination, with complementary mechanisms, and research supports this combination (Kizawa 2021). Conversely, buying both &quot;beta-carotene&quot; and &quot;vitamin A&quot; is equivalent to paying twice.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">10. Food Priorities: A Practical Checklist<\/h2>\n<p>All six components can be obtained from food, but their concentrations vary greatly. The table below lists more practical sources and indicates whether the study dose can be achieved through food.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ingredient<\/th>\n<th>Main food sources<\/th>\n<th>Can the research dose be achieved through food?<\/th>\n<th>Absorption points<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lutein\/Zeaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>Spinach, kale, Chinese kale, corn, egg yolk<\/td>\n<td>Yes, but you need to eat a large bowl of dark leafy greens every day.<\/td>\n<td>Add oil; egg yolks have a higher absorption rate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>anthocyanin<\/td>\n<td>Blueberries, bilberries, blackcurrants, purple sweet potatoes, purple cabbage<\/td>\n<td>Not easy (studies used 240 to 480 mg of extract).<\/td>\n<td>Water-soluble, avoid prolonged boiling in hot water.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin A (pre-formulated)<\/td>\n<td>Pork liver, chicken liver, egg yolk, whole milk<\/td>\n<td>It&#039;s easy, even easy to overdose.<\/td>\n<td>One to two small servings of liver per week are sufficient.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>beta-carotene<\/td>\n<td>Carrots, pumpkins, papayas, sweet potatoes<\/td>\n<td>Yes, but absorption rate is affected by cooking methods.<\/td>\n<td>Adding oil to cooking can improve absorption.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Omega-3 (EPA\/DHA)<\/td>\n<td>Salmon, mackerel, sardines, saury<\/td>\n<td>Yes, two meals of high-fat fish per week.<\/td>\n<td>Avoid high-temperature frying to prevent fatty acid oxidation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Astaxanthin<\/td>\n<td>Salmon, shrimp, crab, algae<\/td>\n<td>Almost impossible (extremely low content)<\/td>\n<td>Research dosage requires supplementation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>A practical approach:<b>One meal a day includes dark leafy greens, two meals a week include fatty fish, and fruits are rotated, including blueberries and citrus fruits.<\/b>This already covers lutein, Omega-3, and most antioxidants. Those who truly need supplementation are usually either people who &quot;eat out frequently and consume little vegetables and fish&quot; or those who have been diagnosed with macular degeneration.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">11. Who should be careful?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For those taking warfarin or antiplatelet drugs:<\/b>High doses of fish oil may slightly prolong bleeding time; human evidence for blueberry extract is limited, but in vitro studies suggest that anthocyanins may affect platelet function. Consult your doctor before starting any new supplements and do not increase the dosage on your own.<\/li>\n<li><b>Smokers or former smokers:<\/b>Avoid high-dose beta-carotene supplements (more than 15 mg per day); lutein\/zeaxanthin is a safer choice.<\/li>\n<li><b>Pregnant women and those planning to become pregnant:<\/b>Pre-formulated vitamin A should not exceed 3,000 \u00b5g RAE daily; lutein and algal oil DHA are generally considered safer, but you should still inform your prenatal doctor.<\/li>\n<li><b>Those with poor liver and kidney function:<\/b>If your body&#039;s ability to metabolize and excrete fat-soluble vitamins and minerals decreases, consult a doctor before supplementing.<\/li>\n<li><b>child:<\/b>Dosage should be adjusted according to weight and age. Do not take adult formula directly. Be careful not to overdose on gummies.<\/li>\n<li><b>Those preparing to undergo surgery:<\/b>It is recommended to discontinue high-dose fish oil, ginkgo, etc., before surgery; the actual number of days should be determined by the doctor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>When should you seek medical attention instead of taking supplements?<\/b>Sudden vision loss or visual field defects, seeing halos around lights accompanied by eye pain and headache, a sudden increase in floaters or flashes of light, persistent redness, pain, and photophobia in the eyes, or temporary temporary blindness in one eye. These are not conditions that can be addressed with nutrients, and delaying diagnosis and treatment may lead to irreversible vision loss. If you experience sudden vision loss or severe eye pain, seek immediate medical attention or call [medical service\/resource name].\u00a0<b>999<\/b>The relationship between viewing screens in dark environments at night and acute glaucoma, see [reference needed].<a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/blog-%e9%95%b7%e6%9c%9f%e4%b8%8d%e9%96%8b%e7%87%88%e7%8e%a9%e6%89%8b%e6%a9%9f%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e4%b8%80%e5%a4%9c%e9%9d%92%e5%85%89%e7%9c%bc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Playing on your phone in the dark and acute glaucoma<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/en\/%e7%9c%bc%e6%99%b4%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gogoherbs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/banner16-1.jpg\" alt=\"20261019\u773c\u775bbanner\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">XII. Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3>Does blueberry extract really protect the eyes?<\/h3>\n<p>Several randomized controlled trials support the finding that prolonged screen time leads to slower eye accommodation and increased eye fatigue, with dosages ranging from approximately 240 to 480 mg of standardized bilberry extract daily for 8 to 12 weeks. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support its effects on improving myopia, enhancing night vision, or delaying macular degeneration. In other words, its function is to &quot;reduce fatigue in specific situations,&quot; not to &quot;protect the entire eye.&quot; If you experience dry eyes, difficulty focusing, or eye strain, blueberry extract may be a suitable option; however, if you have blurred vision or visual field defects, you should consult a doctor first.<\/p>\n<h3>Can blueberry extract and lutein be taken together?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, they can. Their mechanisms differ: anthocyanins are primarily related to oxidative stress and ciliary muscle regulation, while lutein and zeaxanthin deposit in the macular region to form pigments. A randomized trial of a combination of anthocyanins, astaxanthin, and lutein (6 weeks) has shown improvement in accommodative function and subjective focusing difficulties after screen viewing. If choosing only one, decide based on the primary concern: anthocyanins for eye fatigue, and lutein for macular degeneration risk. Simultaneous use does not equate to additive effects; it&#039;s still necessary to assess whether the individual dosages meet research standards.<\/p>\n<h3>How much lutein should I take? Is a 10:2 ratio necessary?<\/h3>\n<p>The 10 mg lutein to 2 mg zeaxanthin ratio is the formulation used in the large-scale AREDS2 trial and is currently the most well-supported by evidence. Other ratios lack comparable trials, so stating that &quot;10:2 is the only effective ratio&quot; is an overstatement; however, if the goal is to follow the largest existing evidence, this ratio is the safest bet. Regarding upper dosage limits, no tolerable upper intake level has been established for lutein, and long-term studies at doses above 20 mg daily have not shown serious adverse reactions; the most common adverse reaction is only a slight orange-yellowing of the skin.<\/p>\n<h3>Is free lutein better absorbed than esterified lutein?<\/h3>\n<p>The difference isn&#039;t as significant as advertised. A 2024 randomized crossover trial involved 24 adults taking 6 mg of lutein daily, for two months each in the free and esterified forms. Serum lutein levels in both groups increased to 2.4 times baseline, with no statistically significant differences at any time point, and no difference in sensitivity. Esterified lutein requires intestinal hydrolysis, which can be accomplished by human enzymes. When purchasing lutein, checking the actual milligram count, whether there is a test report, and whether it&#039;s taken with meals is more important than looking at &quot;free\/esterified.&quot;<\/p>\n<h3>Can I take vitamin A every day to protect my eyes?<\/h3>\n<p>Not recommended. The relationship between Vitamin A and eyesight is that &quot;deficiency will cause problems,&quot; not that &quot;more supplementation is better.&quot; For those with a normal diet, sufficient daily intake from liver, egg yolks, whole milk, and dark green fruits and vegetables is adequate; the recommended daily intake for adults is 900 \u00b5g RAE for men and 700 \u00b5g RAE for women, with an upper limit of 3,000 \u00b5g RAE. Long-term exceedance of this limit is associated with increased risk of liver damage and hip fractures, and excessive intake during pregnancy carries a greater risk of birth defects. Supplementation should only be done as directed by a doctor if a deficiency is diagnosed (e.g., night blindness, dry cornea).<\/p>\n<h3>Is there a daily upper limit for beta-carotene?<\/h3>\n<p>No. The U.S. National Academy of Medicine&#039;s Food and Nutrition Board has never established a tolerable upper intake level (EU) for beta-carotene and other vitamin A precursors because their metabolic pathway differs from that of preformed vitamin A. Excessive intake only manifests as orange-yellow skin (carotenemia), which subsides upon discontinuation. The commonly cited &quot;3,000 microgram upper limit&quot; actually refers to the upper limit for preformed vitamin A. However, smokers and former smokers should avoid high-dose beta-carotene supplements, a point supported by large-scale trials.<\/p>\n<h3>Does Omega-3 help with dry eyes?<\/h3>\n<p>Large-scale trials tend to yield conservative results. The DREAM study involved 535 patients with moderate to severe dry eye who took 3,000 mg of EPA + DHA daily or a placebo for 12 months. OSDI improvement was -13.9 vs. -12.5, with no statistically significant difference between groups. However, the placebo group also showed a 12.5-point improvement, indicating that basic care itself was effective. Newer meta-analyses suggest potential benefits for individuals with very low Omega-3 intake or predominantly meibomian gland dysfunction. A practical approach is to address meibomian gland issues, environmental humidity, and screen habits first, while also consuming two meals of fatty fish per week; supplements should be considered supplementary rather than primary.<\/p>\n<h3>How much astaxanthin can you consume daily?<\/h3>\n<p>The dosage used in human studies ranged from 4 to 12 mg daily: 4 mg for children&#039;s digital eye fatigue test, 9 mg for adults&#039; visual function test, and 12 mg for dry eye study. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded in 2020 that 8 mg daily from dietary supplements combined with background dietary intake is safe for adults; the 2019 revised acceptable daily intake was 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight. The statement &quot;not exceeding 1 mg&quot; is inconsistent with existing research dosages. Those taking blood thinning pills or antihypertensive\/hypoglycemic medications should consult a doctor before starting treatment.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I buy all six eye-protecting ingredients at once?<\/h3>\n<p>It&#039;s unnecessary and not cost-effective. Of the six, only beta-carotene and vitamin A have overlapping functions; the others follow different pathways, but this doesn&#039;t mean &quot;taking them all together is more effective.&quot; Choose one or two based on your primary concern: for eye fatigue, choose anthocyanins or astaxanthin; for macular degeneration risk, choose lutein\/zeaxanthin; and for those who eat little fish, supplement with Omega-3. Instead of buying six bottles of low-dose compound supplements, buy one or two bottles of research-level products and spend your money on dark green leafy vegetables and fatty fish.<\/p>\n<h3>Can eating blueberries or other eye-healthy foods replace supplements?<\/h3>\n<p>In most cases, yes, but it depends on the ingredients. Lutein, beta-carotene, and Omega-3 can all be obtained through diet to achieve meaningful intake: a large bowl of dark leafy greens daily and two meals of fatty fish per week. To reach the standardized extract level of 240 to 480 mg of anthocyanins used in research, simply eating blueberries is impractical; astaxanthin is present in extremely low amounts in ordinary foods, making it almost impossible to meet dietary requirements. Therefore, prioritizing food is correct, but supplements shouldn&#039;t be dismissed as completely useless\u2014the key is to identify which ones are truly ineffective.<\/p>\n<h3>Can children take these eye-protecting supplements?<\/h3>\n<p>It depends on the ingredients and age. Studies on lutein for children are mostly conducted using formula or lower doses; adult formula should not be used directly. Astaxanthin has been the subject of a randomized controlled trial in children aged 10 to 14 years at a dose of 4 mg for 84 days, with no safety issues observed. Special care should be taken with vitamin A and beta-carotene dosages to avoid overlap with multivitamins. Gummies, which resemble candy, must be kept out of reach of children. Consult a doctor or registered dietitian before any long-term use.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s13\">XIII. Sources of Information<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Chew EY et al:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35653117\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AREDS2 10-Year Follow-up: The Effects of Lutein\/Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 on Advanced Macular Degeneration and Lung Cancer<\/a>(JAMA Ophthalmology, 2022)<\/li>\n<li>AREDS2 research group:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23645227\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lutein\/Zeaxanthin and Age-Related Cataracts: AREDS2 Report No. 4<\/a>(JAMA Ophthalmology, 2013)<\/li>\n<li>DREAM Research Group:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29652551\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">n-3 fatty acid supplementation and the treatment of dry eye syndrome<\/a>(New England Journal of Medicine, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Canter PH, Ernst E:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14711439\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bilberry anthocyanins and night vision: A systematic review of placebo-controlled trials<\/a>(Survey of Ophthalmology, 2004)<\/li>\n<li>Ozawa Y et al:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25923485\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The preventive effect of bilberry extract on eye fatigue in visual display terminal users.<\/a>(J Nutr Health Aging, 2015)<\/li>\n<li>Kosehira M et al.:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32106548\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Objective indicators of improved ciliary muscle contraction after 12 weeks of continuous intake of bilberry extract<\/a>(Nutrients, 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Kizawa Y et al:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34376917\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The effects of anthocyanins, astaxanthin, and lutein on ocular function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study<\/a>(J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2021)<\/li>\n<li>Yu WY et al:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36742436\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A 3-month pilot study of bilberry supplements on severe dry eye in young and middle-aged adults.<\/a>(Frontiers in Nutrition, 2023)<\/li>\n<li>Olmedilla-Alonso B et al.:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38794653\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bioavailability of marigold lutein (free and esterified forms): randomized crossover trial<\/a>(Nutrients, 2024)<\/li>\n<li>Lopresti AL, Smith SJ:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39963662\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The effects of lutein\/zeaxanthin on eye health, eye fatigue, and sleep in users with high screen time.<\/a>(Frontiers in Nutrition, 2025)<\/li>\n<li>Hecht KA et al:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40014233\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Astaxanthin Improves Acute and Chronic Digital Eye Strain in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial<\/a>(Advances in Therapy, 2025)<\/li>\n<li>Sekikawa T et al:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36777084\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The effect of astaxanthin-containing diets on visual function in healthy adults<\/a>(J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2023)<\/li>\n<li>Tian L et al.:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35096941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Efficacy and safety of astaxanthin in moderate dry eye syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals and young people<\/a>(Frontiers in Nutrition, 2021)<\/li>\n<li>Brendler T, Williamson EM:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31788888\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Astaxanthin: How Much is Too Much? Safety Review<\/a>(Phytotherapy Research, 2019)<\/li>\n<li>European Food Safety Authority (NDA) Panel:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32874213\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safety of astaxanthin as a new food ingredient in food supplements<\/a>(EFSA Journal, 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Knapik JJ, Hoedebecke SS:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34105132\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vitamin A and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Synchronization<\/a>(J Spec Oper Med, 2021)<\/li>\n<li>Addo EK et al.:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39071916\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Effects of carotenoid supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and infant eyes: L-ZIP randomized trial report No. 2<\/a>(Ophthalmology Science, 2024)<\/li>\n<li>Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, USA:<a href=\"https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminA-HealthProfessional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vitamin A and Carotenoids Professional Edition Instructions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Disclaimer<\/h2>\n<p>This article is a compilation of health information and does not constitute medical diagnosis or prescription advice, nor can it replace an individual assessment by a doctor, optometrist, or registered dietitian. Dosage and suitability of supplements vary from person to person. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, children, the elderly, those with impaired liver or kidney function, or those currently taking prescription medications should consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement. If you experience sudden vision loss, visual field defects, severe eye pain, or a large number of floaters, please seek immediate medical attention.<\/p>\n<p><em>Last updated: October 2026<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u85cd\u8393\u5c0d\u773c\u775b\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u81ea\u5b83\u7684\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u78ba\u6709\u5e7e\u9805\u96a8\u6a5f\u5c0d\u7167\u8a66\u9a57\u652f\u6301\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u6bd4\u5ee3\u544a\u8aaa\u7684\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\uff1a\u9577 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